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Do Supplements And Herbs Cure Depression?

Introduction

As predicted earlier by the World Health Organization (WHO), major depressive disorders now account for a major illness in the world<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>, especially since the emergence of <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/disease/covid-19">COVID-19</a>. As the pandemic rapidly swept across the globe, it induced a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in populations at large. Additionally, social isolation and loneliness worsened mental health worldwide.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Major depressive disorder is a major contributor to the incidences of suicide and ischemic heart disease. Moreover, it is the second leading cause of years lived with disability (YLDs) worldwide<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/disease/depression">Depression</a> not only affects day-to-day activities but also decreases the quality of life and well-being of people. The mood disorder can present with mild to potentially debilitating and life-threatening symptoms.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Over the years, the increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety, and insomnia has led to a search for more effective treatments. For this reason, people look to manage depression with more natural remedies. Hence, treatment (often self-treatment) with supplements and herbs continues to gain popularity. But natural does not always mean safe or effective.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Herbal formulas are commonly prescribed for the treatment of mental illnesses. More people are now turning to herbal medications because of the various side effects, high prices, and increased relapse rates associated with prescription medications. Over the past decade, several studies have been conducted on the mechanism of action of supplements and herbal medications for treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

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Understanding the role of natural remedies  in treating depression

Below are some supplements and herbs that are most widely used for the treatment of depression:&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Omega-3 fatty acids&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that help with treating depression. A randomized control trial conducted on pregnant women in 2020 concluded that omega-3 fatty acids significantly improve symptoms of depression and postpartum depression<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. Supplements containing the two omega-3 fatty acids eicosatetraenoic acid (ECA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are most effective. Omega-3 supplements containing 60% or more eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show an overall positive effect on treating depressing symptoms<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>. While there is a lack of research to support the argument, the supplement is a well-tolerated and considered healthy addition to your diet that may help treat the mood disorder.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>NAC (N-acetylcysteine)&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

NAC is a precursor of glutathione, an important antioxidant in your body. It is essential for protecting cells against oxidative damage and regulating inflammation<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. Studies have shown that people with depression are more likely to have higher levels of inflammatory markers. Thus, taking NAC may reduce inflammation and relieve the symptoms of depression. Doses of 2 to 2.4 grams in a day are thought to help treat mental health conditions. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Vitamin D&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the body. However, many people, especially in Pakistan don&rsquo;t have sufficient vitamin D. Studies have further shown that people with depression are deficient in vitamin D. Similarly, people with vitamin D deficiency have more severe depressive symptoms<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>. Vitamin D helps curb depression by reducing inflammation and regulating mood. A randomized control study highlighted that vitamin D supplements are beneficial for people with clinical depression<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>. Another study found that 300,000 IU of adjunctive vitamin D significantly improved the severity of illness and overall quality of life in people with clinical depression<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>B vitamins&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

B vitamins play an essential role in the regulation of mood. These vitamins include folate, B12 and B6, and are needed to produce serotonin or the &ldquo;happy hormone&rdquo;. Studies have shown that a deficiency in vitamin B12 and folate increases the risk of depression. Whereas, supplementing vitamin B12 may help reduce depressive symptoms. According to a study published in 2020, low vitamin B12 levels are associated with a high risk of developing depression<a href="#accordion">[9]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Zinc&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Zinc is an essential mineral for brain health and a deficiency in the mineral may increase the risk of depression and the severity of symptoms. Studies have further shown that zinc when used alongside antidepressant medications may reduce depressive symptoms.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Magnesium&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Magnesium is an important mineral that may help with the symptoms of depression. A randomised study concluded that 248 mg of magnesium per day for 6 weeks can significantly reduce the symptoms of depression<a href="#accordion">[10]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Creatine&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Creatine is an organic compound that is essential for maintaining brain energy, which has shown to be involved in the development of depression. Some studies have shown that supplementing creatine can help with the symptoms of clinical depression.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Rhodiola Rosea&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Rhodiola Rosea is a popular herb that has several health benefits when taken in the form of a supplement. In addition to helping the body cope with stressful situations, the herb is known to reduce symptoms of depression. The herb when used in combination with saffron can significantly reduce depression and anxiety symptoms of mild to moderate depression<a href="#accordion">[11].</a>&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Saffron&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Saffron is a spice that is commonly used in Asian foods. The spice is packed with antioxidants that have been shown to improve the symptoms of depression. While the exact mechanism behind it is unknown, studies have shown that saffron increases levels of the &ldquo;happy hormone&rdquo; in the brain 
.

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Ginseng&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

The ginseng plant has been used by the Chinese for thousands of years to help reduce the effects of stress, and improve mental clarity and energy. Derived from the plant, ginseng supplements have properties that help with low energy and motivation levels in people with depression. However, currently, there are not many studies to support the benefits of ginseng for depression&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Chamomile&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Studies have shown that chamomile is useful in the management of depression and anxiety. The herb provides significant relief from depressive symptoms. However, there is a need for further studies to support the benefits of chamomile to treat depressive symptoms.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Key Points

<ul>
	<li>While herbal and natural supplements may work for some people, they are not a substitute for conventional treatments. Especially, for people who also struggle with thoughts of self-harm or suicide.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Depression is a treatable illness, and you may try different herbs and supplements, but they may have potential side effects.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>These herbs and supplements can also interact with other drugs, reducing their potency.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If you struggle with depression or have thoughts of suicide or self-harm, seek professional help immediately.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

[1].Depressive disorder (depression). World Health Organization. Accessed May 18, 2023

[2].Ferrari, A.J., Charlson, F.J., Norman, R.E., Patten, S.B., Freedman, G., Murray, C.J., Vos, T. and Whiteford, H.A., 2013. Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS medicine, 10(11), p.e1001547.

[3].Zhang, M.M., Zou, Y., Li, S.M., Wang, L., Sun, Y.H., Shi, L., Lu, L., Bao, Y.P. and Li, S.X., 2020. The efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids on depressive symptoms in perinatal women: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), pp.1-9.

[4].Liao, Y., Xie, B., Zhang, H., He, Q., Guo, L., Subramanieapillai, M., Fan, B., Lu, C. and McIntyre, R.S., 2019. Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: a meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 9(1), pp.1-9.

[5].Šalamon, Š., Kramar, B., Marolt, T.P., Poljšak, B. and Milisav, I., 2019. Medical and dietary uses of N-acetylcysteine. Antioxidants, 8(5), p.111.

[6].Menon, V., Kar, S.K., Suthar, N. and Nebhinani, N., 2020. Vitamin D and depression: a critical appraisal of the evidence and future directions. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 42(1), pp.11-21.

[7].Vellekkatt, F. and Menon, V., 2019. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of postgraduate medicine, 65(2), p.74.

[8].Vellekkatt, F., Menon, V., Rajappa, M. and Sahoo, J., 2020. Effect of adjunctive single dose parenteral vitamin D supplementation in major depressive disorder with concurrent vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, pp.250-256.

[9].Sangle, P., Sandhu, O., Aftab, Z., Anthony, A.T. and Khan, S., 2020. Vitamin B12 supplementation: preventing onset and improving prognosis of depression. Cureus, 12(10).

[10].Tarleton, E.K., Littenberg, B., MacLean, C.D., Kennedy, A.G. and Daley, C., 2017. Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial. PloS one, 12(6), p.e0180067.

[11].Bangratz, M., Abdellah, S.A., Berlin, A., Blondeau, C., Guilbot, A., Dubourdeaux, M. and Lemoine, P., 2018. A preliminary assessment of a combination of rhodiola and saffron in the management of mild–moderate depression. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 14, p.1821.

Staff Writer

This article or video has been recorded by a subject / domain specialists with a proven track record of excellence in their area. 

Home Remedies For Mosquito Bites

Bugs enjoy summer. They have more energy to disturb you and buzz around in warm weather. Most importantly, they become like small vampires that savor every drop of your blood, and in that quest also manage to spread diseases. Mosquito bites are more prevalent in either warm climates or during monsoon season.

&nbsp;

Also, a majority of the bites take place at dusk or dawn, as that&rsquo;s when mosquitoes are extremely active. Female mosquitoes are interested in blood, while male mosquitoes merely consume water and are harmless.

&nbsp;

Not all mosquito bites are harmful, though. Sometimes, the bite causes just a large, uncomfortable, or itchy lump on the skin from where they&rsquo;ve sucked the blood; it may not even be apparent for several hours. However, a lot of times the bites can lead to a more serious health issue. According to stats, every year, 700 million people are infected with mosquito-borne diseases, which also result in a million fatalities<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The majority of people are allergic to mosquito bites. Its symptoms are more than just bothersome for people with severe allergies; they can even be life-threatening.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>Mosquito-Borne Diseases</h5>

Diseases transmitted by a mosquito bite are referred to as mosquito-borne diseases. The diseases that mosquitoes transmit to people include&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Zika Virus</li>
	<li>West Nile Virus</li>
	<li>Chikungunya Virus</li>
	<li><a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/dengue">Dengue</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/malaria">Malaria</a></li>
	<li>Encephalitis Virus&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Yellow Fever</li>
	<li>Skeeter Syndrome 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Understanding Home Remedies against Mosquito Bites

1.&nbsp;Wear protective clothing

2. Apply permethrin to clothing and accessories

3. Shut the doors and windows along with their screens

4. Use temperature controlling agents or AC

5. Sleep or relax with a bed net

6. Cover buckets or water storage units

7. Use generous amounts of repellents<a href="#accordion">[2]</a> 
&nbsp;

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has created a search tool that can assist individuals in choosing the right insect repellant based on several different factors. The registered insect repellents include the following active ingredients:

1. DEET (diethyltoluamide)&nbsp;

2. Picaridin&nbsp;

3. Lemon

4. 2-Undecanone

5. Citronella

6. Garlic

7. Neem

8. Essential oils 
&nbsp;

A mosquito bite&#39;s itching and discomfort might be alleviated with natural therapies. This article looks at potential at-home cures that could provide speedy relief.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>1. Oatmeal</h5>

One of your favorite meals might also serve as a treatment for a pesky mosquito bite. No more itching, no more swelling, thanks to its skin-healing properties.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Oatmeal Paste</li>
</ul>

Oatmeal and water should be combined in a bowl in equal parts to create a paste. Apply this paste to the inflamed skin, then cover it with the help of a clean piece of cloth, and leave it untouched for 10 minutes. After that, wash it with normal water.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Oatmeal Bath</li>
</ul>

An oatmeal bath would probably be a more effective solution if you have multiple bites all over your body. Add 1 cup of oatmeal or ground oats to a bathtub filled with warm water. You might wish to wrap the oats up initially with a piece of muslin or another light fabric to prevent any plumbing issues. Imagine it as a large tea bag that you could just throw into the bathtub. Spend 20 minutes in the oatmeal water and you&rsquo;ll be amazed at how relaxed you feel. 
&nbsp;

<h5>2. Ice</h5>

Ice and cold temperatures help lessen inflammation. Additionally, the cold temporarily numbs the skin, providing you with some quick comfort. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) advises using an ice pack or a cold, moist towel to soothe mosquito bite irritation.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Avoid putting ice directly on your skin because doing so could harm it. Instead, place the ice pack in a light towel or use a washcloth for ice cubes or crushed ice. Apply it for 5-10 minutes multiple times&nbsp; in a day to reduce itching. 
&nbsp;

<h5>3. Heat</h5>

Increasing the heat helps, too. Although no proof exists to support its efficacy, you can purchase a specialized instrument like BiteAway that provides direct, regulated heat to the bite. This is said to lessen edema and irritation. The procedure saves time since it only lasts a few seconds, but these gadgets are pricey.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Heat Providing Tool</li>
</ul>

An alternative to expensive machines is to dip a clean cloth in water that feels as warm as you can bear, to achieve a comparable result (be careful not to burn yourself!). Then squeeze the water out and place the towel over the bite. Re-soak the material as often as necessary to maintain the desired temperature for up to 10 minutes. DO NOT use heat therapy in case of an open wound. 
&nbsp;

<h5>4. Honey</h5>

This delicious, sugary material is a natural remedy fan favorite. For centuries, honey has been the go-to remedy for medical issues like sore throats and dry skin because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Just ensure that the amount of honey you apply covers the bites and let it work its magic to reduce swelling. Also, the sticky mess you can make when you scratch honey-covered skin may lessen your desire to scratch. 
&nbsp;

<h5>5. Aloe Vera</h5>

Aloe vera gel has been demonstrated to promote healing and combat burns, especially sunburn. It might also work well in treating a bug bite. Cut a tiny portion of the plant and apply it to the affected area. If necessary, reapply after it dries. 
&nbsp;

<h5>6. Baking Soda</h5>

Baking soda can be found in almost every kitchen. It&rsquo;s famous for various tasks, including cleaning drains and baking bread, but it&rsquo;s equally capable of soothing a mosquito bite. A baking soda paste can be made quickly and used in a similar way to the oatmeal paste.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), combine 1 tablespoon baking soda with a small amount of water and mix it until it forms a paste. Then apply it to the affected area. Rinse after 10 minutes. However, if you experience any sensitivity, for example, redness, rashes, hives, breakouts, burning, and itching, then immediately rinse and do not use the baking soda mixture.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>7. Basil</h5>

Did you know that the flavorful basil herb also doubles as a natural anti-mosquito-bite cure? The herb is utilized in herbal treatments for skin diseases, and the antioxidant content in basil leaves may help to lessen inflammation.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Basil Solution</li>
</ul>

Simmer 2 cups of water, then add 1/2 ounce of dried basil leaves to produce a basil rub. Stir the mixture occasionally until it cools. Next, soak a clean cloth in the solution and gently press it onto the bites. Alternatively, you might finely cut some fresh basil leaves and apply them to your skin. Stop using this remedy if you feel irritation. 
&nbsp;

<h5>8. Vinegar&nbsp;</h5>

Apple cider vinegar has been utilized for generations as a natural treatment for various illnesses, varying from infections to issues with blood sugar. You can use a drop of vinegar to soothe itching bites and reduce blister spots. It can also be a natural disinfectant if you&#39;ve been itching too much.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Vinegar Water Solution</li>
</ul>

Soak a clean towel in a mixture of cold water and vinegar, then put it onto the bite for relief. If there are numerous bites, you can prepare yourself a warm bath with 2 cups of vinegar and immerse in it for 20 minutes. Don&rsquo;t make it too hot as that will only exacerbate itching. Stop using this remedy if skin sensitivity develops. 
&nbsp;

<h5>9. Onion</h5>

Onions can not only make you cry, but they can also soothe mosquito bites. If applied to the bite, a newly sliced bulb can reduce the sting you feel and further prevent it from aggravating. Additionally, onions have antibacterial and antifungal qualities that help lower your risk of illness. No matter what variety of onion you use, cut a slice from it, leave it on the bite for a while, and then cleanse.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>10. Thyme</h5>

The plant&#39;s little leaves are wonderful for various foods, including fish and potatoes. They might also be able to lessen a mosquito bite&#39;s itching. Thyme has long been used as a natural skin care solution. Its antibacterial characteristics mean it can help relieve pain and itching as well as reduce chances of any infection.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>DIY Thyme&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Finely minced fresh thyme leaves provide the greatest benefit. Place them on your skin as soon as you feel a mosquito bite and leave them that way for 10 minutes.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Additionally, you can create a concentrated drink by heating some water and adding a few thyme sprigs. Let the sprigs steep till the water cools down. After that, rub the thyme-infused water onto the bites using a washcloth. Keep the washcloth in place for a while. Wrapping an ice cube in a washcloth soaked in thyme makes for some extra relief and a cooling effect. 
&nbsp;

<h5>11. Peppermint oil</h5>

Another age-old natural cure for itching relief is peppermint oil. According to a 2016 study, this oil may be able to treat chronic itching brought on by illnesses, including diabetes and liver disease. So, in theory, it might also be effective for transient conditions, like an insect bite.

&nbsp;

One ounce of carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, should be mixed with a few drops of peppermint oil. Carefully rub a tiny quantity of this mixture onto the insect bite. For a calming soak, you may add several drops of peppermint oil to a bathtub filled with lukewarm water. You should never apply peppermint oil to your skin undiluted.

&nbsp;

When using essential oils, exercise caution because they sometimes have unanticipated side effects or interactions with medicines. Conduct thorough research, consult your doctor beforehand, and abide by all safety instructions. In fact, young children should not receive this treatment. 
&nbsp;

<h5>12. Lemon Balm</h5>

A lemon balm is a leafy plant with a strong resemblance to mint. Historically, it has been used as a calming, all-natural remedy for conditions ranging from stress to upset stomach. An earlier 1999 study discovered that a lotion with lemon balm extract helped persons with cold sores who were also experiencing other symptoms of irritation and discomfort<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.

&nbsp;

You can use freshly chopped lemon balm leaves to treat mosquito bites or purchase a lotion containing the herb Tannin. This is a natural astringent present in lemon balm. Lemon balm also includes polyphenols. These organic substances work as a unit to lower risk of infection, promote healing, and decrease inflammation. 
&nbsp;

<h5>13. Witch Hazel</h5>

Witch hazel ( a natural astringent) can be easily purchased&nbsp; in pharmacies and supermarkets. Similar to lemon balm, witch hazel contains tannins that, when applied topically, might lessen inflammation.

&nbsp;

Witch hazel by itself can be helpful for a wide range of skin irritations, from minor scrapes and cuts to hemorrhoids. Witch hazel cream can be used to reduce swelling, ease the stinging and itching the bite causes, and has the potential to speed up the healing process.

&nbsp;

A small amount of witch hazel applied with a cotton ball can be sufficient. Swipe or gently dab the cotton ball with witch hazel over the bite. Let it air dry and repeat as required. 
&nbsp;

<h5>14. Arnica</h5>

Another natural substance you may purchase to address minor skin issues is arnica. Although the herb is poisonous, it can be diluted and is available as drops, creams, and gels.

&nbsp;

Despite being a widely used home treatment, scientific research yields conflicting outcomes. However, many assert that arnica lessens bruising, discomfort, swelling, and inflammation when used topically. Rub or swipe a little amount of arnica lotion or gel with clean fingers on the bite. Do consult your physician or pharmacist for advice on selecting a high-quality arnica product. 
&nbsp;

<h5>15.&nbsp;Chamomile Tea</h5>

Chamomile, a flower from the daisy family, is considered a popular natural cure for many diseases and its oil is effective for reducing irritation and inflammation when applied topically. In a refrigerator, soak a tea bag containing the dried, chopped flowers in water for 30 minutes. Put the tea bag&#39;s excess liquid to your bite after squeezing it out. Give it 10 minutes to rest. With a moist piece of cloth, clean the spot. You can store the tea bag again in the refrigerator for future use.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Although uncommon, some people may experience an adverse reaction to chamomile. 
&nbsp;

<h5>16. Garlic</h5>

Natural garlic treatments are well-known for everything from high blood pressure to heart disease. A simple home remedy for mosquitoes involves applying garlic to an itchy bug bite.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Beware; applying chopped garlic directly to a skin wound or bite may result in burning or stinging. Instead, chop some fresh garlic finely and mix a tiny bit of it with some petroleum jelly or any odorless lotion. These creams and ointments will lower the potency of the garlic while allowing you to benefit from its inherent healing and antibacterial properties.

&nbsp;

Apply the mixture for 10 minutes and then wipe your skin clean. With a cool washcloth, dry the region. If the itching continues, repeat the process.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Conclusion

Of course, preventing being bitten completely is the greatest approach to getting rid of mosquito bite discomfort. Remember that all these insects are busier at night and in the evening. If you&#39;ve been bitten, use simple, inexpensive home treatments to immediately lessen swelling and itching. Avoid a home cure if you start experiencing irritation or other unpleasant effects.

&nbsp;

It&#39;s a good idea to visit a doctor if you know the specific countries you&#39;ll be visiting. Visiting a doctor is crucial when you&rsquo;re relocating or traveling through regions where bloodborne illnesses, like malaria and Zika, are prevalent. These illnesses can be passed from person to person by mosquitoes. For some of these illnesses, vaccinations are accessible. 
&nbsp;

<ul><li>Mosquito bites are more prevalent in warm climates and after the monsoon season.</li><li>Female mosquitoes are interested in blood, but male mosquitoes are harmless.</li><li>All mosquito bites are not harmful, but some cause serious and life-threatening diseases.</li><li>Everyone should take precautions against mosquitoes.</li><li>Going to the doctor is not always necessary; instead, you can use home remedies to get immediate relief from the discomfort of a mosquito bite.</li></ul>

[1] Caraballo H, King K. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract. 2014 May;16(5):1–4.

[2] Fostini AC, Golpanian RS, Rosen JD, Xue R-D, Yosipovitch G. Beat the bite: pathophysiology and management of itch in mosquito bites. Itch [Internet]. 2019;4(1).

[3] Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine. 1999 Oct;6(4):225–30.

Neelam Asad

Madeeha Syed

A Guide To A Basic At-Home Medical Emergency Kit

Overview

Minor accidents, injuries and ailments can afflict us anytime. We don&rsquo;t always need to rush to the emergency room as some of these afflictions are relatively minor and can be resolved using over-the-counter (OTC) medication. 

However, sometimes we may not be able to seek immediate medical help due to a variety of reasons &mdash; getting stuck in a lockdown, lack of transportation etc. This is why, having a well-equipped first-aid kit at your home or in your car is a great way to ensure you&rsquo;re always prepared for anything. 
&nbsp;

Home Medical Emergency Kit

Just make sure you keep it in a cool dry area and out of the reach of children. Also, regularly check all medication to ensure they haven&rsquo;t expired. Similarly, if you have any tools in there, regularly check whether they work fine or not. 

There are ready-made first-aid kits available but you may want to assemble your own based on your activities and needs. Keep a basic first-aid manual or instruction booklet with your first aid kit as well. Generally, a basic at-home kit should include bandages, cleaning supplies, OTC medications, prescription medication and basic medical tools. 
&nbsp;

The items to include in your first-aid include the following: &nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Plasters (make sure you have different sizes and shapes)</li>
	<li>Sterile gauze dressings (small, medium and large)</li>
	<li>Sterile eye dressings (at least two)</li>
	<li>Triangular bandages</li>
	<li>Cr&ecirc;pe rolled bandages</li>
	<li>Band aids (all shapes and sizes)</li>
	<li>Safety pins (for tying bandages together)</li>
	<li>Disposable sterile gloves</li>
	<li>Hand sanitiser</li>
	<li>Antibiotic ointment</li>
	<li>Antiseptic solution</li>
	<li>Eyewash solution</li>
	<li>Sterile saline for irrigation, flushing</li>
	<li>Distilled water for cleaning wounds</li>
	<li>Eye wash and eye bath</li>
	<li>Alcohol-free cleansing wipes</li>
	<li>Alcohol swabs</li>
	<li>Sticky tape</li>
	<li>Thermometer (preferably digital)</li>
	<li>BP monitor (preferably digital)</li>
	<li>Glucometer</li>
	<li>Pulse oximeter (especially essential since the COVID-19 pandemic)</li>
	<li>Scissors and tweezers</li>
	<li>Rubber tourniquet</li>
	<li>Aluminium finger splint</li>
	<li>Instant heat and cold packs (the ones you can activate by shaking)</li>
	<li>Cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs</li>
	<li>Petroleum jelly or other lubricant</li>
	<li>Plastic bags (assorted sizes)</li>
	<li>Surgical masks or KN95 mask</li>
	<li>Syringe, medicine cup or spoon</li>
	<li>Hydrogen peroxide to disinfect</li>
	<li>Skin rash cream, such as hydrocortisone or calendula</li>
	<li>Cream or spray to relieve insect bites and stings</li>
	<li>Painkillers such as paracetamol, infant paracetamol for children, aspirin (don&rsquo;t give to children under 16 years of age) or ibuprofen</li>
	<li>Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine</li>
	<li>Throat lozenges</li>
	<li>Cough or Cold medication</li>
	<li>Antacids</li>
	<li>Laxatives such as ispaghol</li>
	<li>Anti-diarrhoea medication</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Personal medications that don&rsquo;t need refrigeration. Make sure you have the dosage instructions noted down as well</li>
	<li>If you or a family member has diabetes, keep a juice box, glucose tablets and gels as well as an emergency glucagon injection kit</li>
	<li>Chewable baby aspirin might help someone who has coronary artery disease</li>
	<li>Auto-injector of epinephrine, if prescribed by your doctor</li>
</ul>

Emergency contacts for your general physician, ambulance service etc 
&nbsp;

Bottom Line

At the end of the day, it always pays off to be prepared and ready. If you have the time and resources, we suggest investing in learning some basic first-aid skills as well. These can include knowing how to apply bandages, taking care of small scrapes, pulling out splinters, how to set a splint, Heimlich manoeuvre, how to stop bleeding and performing basic Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). You can also add an instruction manual for these skills to your kit, just in case. We hope this information has helped you set up your home-based, first-aid kit. 
&nbsp;

Dr. Safia Mehmood

Natural Remedies For The Cold, Flu And Cough!

The onset of winter is a great time to get some fresh air and exercise outside. The colder weather also brings with it colds, flu, and <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/whopping-cough">coughs</a>. While these are all very common ailments, they can be a nuisance. Fortunately, there are lots of natural remedies that you can use to help treat your symptoms without resorting to drugs or side effects. Read on for some great tips on how to manage this winter&rsquo;s common ailments. 
&nbsp;

Natural Remedies

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5 dir="ltr">Honey</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Honey is a natural cough suppressant, which not only helps you to breathe better, but also feel better. If you have a tickle in your throat that just won&rsquo;t go away, try some honey for relief.

Honey has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties that help it to fight off bacteria in your mouth and throat. It&rsquo;s even been shown to kill MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) on the skin! When we say &ldquo;honey&rdquo;, we&rsquo;re talking about all kinds - beri honey from Pakistan, Manuka honey from New Zealand; acacia honey from Australia; chestnut honey from China; buckwheat honey from Germany; and blueberry blossom honey made by bees in Japan. 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5 dir="ltr">Lemon And Ginger Tea</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Ginger and lemon tea is a great remedy for sore throats, coughs and colds. The combination of ginger and lemon works as an expectorant, which means that it helps the lungs to expel mucus through coughing.&nbsp;

Lemon also has antibacterial properties that can help fight infection. Ginger is an anti-inflammatory, making it helpful in reducing pain associated with sore throats or sore muscles after exercise. It also helps relieve nausea and vomiting.

I like to make my own herbal tea blends by adding honey, mint leaves and cinnamon sticks to boiling water just before drinking &mdash; this makes it more palatable as well as soothing to the throat! 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>Onion And Garlic</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Garlic is a well-known immune booster, and onions have anti-inflammatory properties. Both can be used to treat the common cold and flu. Although studies have been inconclusive on whether garlic can actually prevent illness, taking it in large quantities (one clove of fresh garlic daily) may substantially decrease the duration of an infection.

Although studies have been inconclusive on whether garlic can actually prevent illness, taking it in large quantities (one clove of fresh garlic daily) may substantially decrease the duration of an infection. 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5 dir="ltr">Chicken Soup</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Chicken soup is a classic cure-all, not only because it&rsquo;s easy to make but also because it contains a variety of nutrients that the body needs when you&rsquo;re feeling under the weather.

Chicken soup is a great source of protein, and in fact, most soups are good for this since they&rsquo;re usually made with meat stock. Chicken soup has plenty of vitamins and minerals like potassium, which helps regulate your body&rsquo;s fluid balance; zinc which can help fight off cold symptoms; and vitamins A and C which support overall wellbeing.

It&rsquo;s also easy to find chicken broth at many grocery stores now, so making homemade chicken soup doesn&rsquo;t require much effort or time spent driving around looking for ingredients! 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>Herbs</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Herbs are often used as natural remedies for the common cold, flu and cough. They can help relieve symptoms and speed up recovery time.

Herbs can be used as alternatives to medication, or in conjunction with medication when needed. Herbal medicines don&rsquo;t have side effects like those caused by antibiotics or other drugs that are prescribed for respiratory problems:

<ul>
	<li>Antibiotics kill bacteria but may also kill off good bacteria in your body that may cause other health problems down the road if they&rsquo;re not replaced through probiotic supplements.</li>
	<li>Some over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines have side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth, which you might want to avoid if you&#39;ll be spending time around children who need supervision at home or school during cold season. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>Ginger Ale</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Ginger ale is a great remedy for the common cold, flu and cough. It also works well for nausea and motion sickness. Ginger ale is often used as an ingredient in other drinks (like Moscow Mules), but you can also drink it straight as a home remedy.

Ginger root has been used for centuries as both medicine and food in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Its warming properties are thought to help relieve sore throats, congestion, and stomachaches by stimulating circulation. 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5 dir="ltr">Spicy Food</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Spicy food can help clear mucus, congestion and sinus congestion. It can also clear chest, nasal, and throat congestion to help you breathe better.

Spicy foods that are good for your health include:

<ul>
	<li>Chili peppers (especially cayenne pepper)</li>
	<li>Cinnamon</li>
	<li>Ginger root 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Honey, lemon and ginger tea: Steep one teaspoon of fresh or dried ginger in boiling water for about 10 minutes. Add half a cup of honey and mix well until it dissolves. Strain through cheesecloth into a mug and add freshly squeezed lemon juice to taste.

Onion Soup: Chop one medium onion finely then saut&eacute; in 1 tablespoon butter until golden brown. Add 3 cups chicken broth (or vegetable if vegetarian) and simmer for 30 minutes on low heat until reduced by half.

Garlic: Crush two cloves of garlic using mortar and pestle or blender.

Chicken Soup: Cook some chicken pieces in water with chopped onions, carrots &amp; celery.

&nbsp;

The best thing you can do for your body when you&rsquo;re sick is to give it the proper rest and nutrition. The natural remedies above are great ways to do this! It&rsquo;s important not only to take care of yourself as soon as you feel a cold coming on, but also to maintain good health overall. This will ensure that if something like the flu does happen again in the future (because it probably will), your body will be able to fight it off more easily and quickly.

Umna Salah

تعارف

&nbsp; &nbsp;گرمیوں کےموسم&nbsp; میں مچھروں کی تعداد میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے ۔ اس مو سم میں&nbsp; ان میں زیادہ&nbsp; توانا ئی ہوتی ہے&nbsp; اور یہ آزادی سے گھومنے پھرنے کے دوران آپ کو پریشان کر سکتے ہیں۔ سب سے اہم بات یہ ہے کہ وہ چھوٹے ویمپائر کی طرح بن جاتے ہیں جو آپ کے خون کے ہر قطرے کا مزہ لیتے ہیں ، اور اس تلاش میں بیماریاں پھیلانے کا باعث بھی بنتے ہیں۔ گرم آب و ہوا میں یا مون سون کے موسم میں مچھروں کے کاٹنے کا عمل زیادہ ہوتا ہے۔&nbsp;اس کے علاوہ،&nbsp; مچھر کے کاٹنے کے واقعات اکثر شام اور صبح میں ہوتے ہیں، کیونکہ اس وقت مچھر انتہائی متحرک ہوتے ہیں۔ مادہ مچھر خون چوستی ہیں، جبکہ نر مچھر صرف پانی پیتے ہیں اور بے ضرر ہوتے ہیں۔اگرچہ&nbsp; ہر قسم کے مچھر کے کاٹنے سےنقصان نہیں ہوتا ہے۔ بعض اوقات، مچھر کے کاٹنے کی وجہ سے جلد پر صرف ایک بڑا غیر آرام دہ&nbsp; یا خارش والا ابھار بن جاتا ہے ،اور ہوسکتاہے یہ کئی گھنٹوں بعد ظاہر ہو ۔ تاہم&nbsp; مچھر کے کئی بار کاٹنے سے صحت کے سنگین مسائل پیدا ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اعداد و شمار کے مطابق ہر سال 700 ملین افراد مچھروں سے پھیلنے والی بیماریوں سے متاثر ہوتے ہیں، جس کے نتیجے میں ایک ملین اموات بھی ہوتی ہیں۔لوگوں کی اکثریت کو مچھر کے کاٹنے سے الرجی ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی علامات شدید الرجی والے لوگوں کے لیے صرف پریشان کن نہیں ہوتی۔&nbsp;بلکہ جان لیوا بھی ہوسکتی ہے۔ مچھروں سے پھیلنے والی بیماریاںمچھر کے کاٹنے سے پھیلنے والی بیماریوں کو مچھر سے پیدا ہونے&nbsp; والی بیماریاں&nbsp; کہا جاتاہے۔ مچھر جو بیماریاں لوگوں کو منتقل کرتے ہیں ان میں یہ شامل ہیں:<ul><li>زیکا وائرس</li><li>ویسٹ نیل وائرس</li><li>چکن گونیا وائرس</li><li>ڈینگی</li><li>ملیریا</li><li>انسیفلائٹس وائرس</li><li>زرد بخار</li><li>سکیٹر سنڈروم </li></ul>

مچھر کے کاٹنے سے بچاؤ کے لیے گھریلو علاج کی وضاحت

1.&nbsp;لمبے آستین والے&nbsp; لباس پہنیں 2. لباس اور دیگر استعمال کی چیزوں پر پرمیتھرین لگائیں3. دروازے اور کھڑکیاں بند رکھیں4. درجہ حرارت کنٹرول کرنے والے آلات یا AC استعمال کریں5. بیڈ&nbsp; پر مچھردانی لگا کر سو ئیں یا آرام کریں6. بالٹیاں یا پانی ذخیرہ کرنے والے برتنوں کو ڈھانپ کر رکھیں7. کیڑوں کو دور بھگانے والی ادویات اوراسپرےکا استعمال کریں &nbsp;امریکہ کی ماحولیاتی تحفظ ایجنسی نے ایک سرچ ٹول تیار کیا ہے ،جو&nbsp; کئی مختلف عوامل کی بنیاد پر&nbsp; کیڑوں کو دور بھگانے والی ادویات اوراسپرے&nbsp; کےاستعمال کا مشورہ دیتا ہے۔ کیڑوں کو دور بھگانے والی رجسٹرڈ&nbsp; ادویات اور اسپرے&nbsp; میں مندرجہ ذیل فعال اجزاء شامل ہیں:1. ڈی ای ای ٹی (ڈائیتھائلٹولوامائڈ)2. پیکاریڈین3. لیموں4. -2 انڈیکینون5. سیٹرونیلا تیل&nbsp; &nbsp;6. لہسن7. نیم8.&nbsp;ضروری تیل

خلاصہ

یقینا، مچھر کے کاٹنے کی تکلیف سےچھٹکارا حاصل کرنے کے لئے ، بچاو کے اقدامات کرنا بہت ضروری ہیں۔ یاد رہے کہ یہ تمام کیڑے رات اور شام کو زیادہ متحرک ہوتے ہیں۔ جیسے ہی آپ کو مچھر کے کاٹنے کا احساس ہو تو سوجن اور خارش کو فوری طور پر کم کرنے کے لئے آسان ، سستے گھریلو علاج کا استعمال کریں۔ اگر آپ جلن یا دیگر ناخوشگوار اثرات کا سامنا کرنا شروع کرتے ہیں، تو گھریلو علاج سےپرہیز کریں۔اگر آپ کچھ مخصوص ممالک کے سفر کا ارادہ رکھتے ہیں تو سفر سے پہلے ڈاکٹر سے مشور ہ کر سکتے ہیں ۔جب آپ بیماری سے&nbsp; متاثرہ&nbsp; ممالک میں منتقل ہورہے ہیں یا وہاں سفر کر رہے ہوں تو آپ کو ڈاکٹر سے تبادلہ خیال کرنا بہت ضروری ہو تا ہے،جہاں خون سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماریاں، جیسے ملیریا اور زیکا پھیلی ہوئی ہیں۔ یہ بیماریاں مچھروں کے ذریعے ایک شخص سے دوسرے شخص میں منتقل ہو سکتی ہیں۔ ان میں سے کچھ بیماریوں کے لیے، ویکسین دستیاب ہیں۔

اہم نکات

<ul><li>گرم آب و ہوا میں اورمون سون کے موسم کے بعد مچھروں کے کاٹنے کےواقعات زیادہ ہوتے ہیں۔</li><li>مادہ مچھر خون پیتی ہیں، لیکن نر مچھر بے ضرر ہوتے ہیں۔</li><li>ہر قسم کے مچھروں کے کاٹنے سے نقصان نہیں ہوتا لیکن کچھ سنگین اور جان لیوا بیماریوں کا باعث بنتے ہیں۔</li><li>ہر کسی کو مچھروں کے خلاف احتیاطی تدابیر اختیار کرنی چاہیے۔</li><li>مچھر کے کاٹنے سے ہونے والی تکلیف سے فوری نجات حاصل کرنے کے لئے ،ڈاکٹر کےپاس جانے کے بجائےآپ گھریلو علاج استعمال کرسکتے ہیں ۔</li></ul>

Caraballo H, King K. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract. 2014 May;16(5):1–4.

Fostini AC, Golpanian RS, Rosen JD, Xue R-D, Yosipovitch G. Beat the bite: pathophysiology and management of itch in mosquito bites. Itch [Internet]. 2019;4(1). Available from: