Humza Khizer

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14 Labor Induction Myths Debunked

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Madeeha Syed

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What Anti-Vaxxers Get Wrong About the Polio Vaccine

Overview

Polio is a thing of the past, right? You don&rsquo;t see it much in the news anymore and it&rsquo;s not something we really have to worry about. Well, anti-vaxxers would like you to think that this is true. But it isn&rsquo;t. Polio still exists today and, if you&rsquo;re not vaccinated against it, you could get polio or spread it to someone else who might die from it. It&rsquo;s important for everyone not just parents with children to know how vaccines work and why they&rsquo;re safe.&nbsp;

<div>&nbsp;</div>

Anti-Vaxxers  About  Polio Vaccine

The anti-vaccine movement is growing increasingly popular, despite the fact that many of its arguments are based on erroneous historical facts. Here are just a few:

<ul>
	<li>Vaccines aren&rsquo;t effective</li>
	<li>They do not cause infertility</li>
	<li>No, your government is not injecting you with nanochips to track you</li>
	<li><a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/autism" target="_blank">They cause autism</a></li>
	<li>They&rsquo;re not necessary because polio hasn&rsquo;t been around for decades now</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

It&rsquo;s important to remember that, as we speak, polio is still a problem in many countries. In fact, the World Health Organisation still refers to it as an &ldquo;endemic&rdquo; disease. Since 1988 , when the UN certified that polio had been eradicated in every country on Earth, there have been only 21 cases of wild poliovirus found globally: 16 in Somalia and five in Pakistan (the last case on this list occurred just this past September).

But while anti-vaxxers are right that vaccines can&rsquo;t prevent all disease outbreaks, they&rsquo;re wrong about why we need them at all. Because the truth is this: vaccines aren&rsquo;t just useful for preventing one infectious illness, they&rsquo;re also useful for preventing other diseases from spreading by stopping people from getting sick with them too. That&rsquo;s why some people think of vaccines as a sort of &ldquo;immunity insurance&rdquo; against outbreaks rather than just something you need when you actually start showing symptoms of an illness like measles or mumps (which are both very contagious). 
&nbsp;

Thimerosal is a preservative that prevents the growth of harmful bacteria in vaccines. It has been used since the 1930s, and thimerosal-free vaccines have been available for several years. There is absolutely no scientific evidence that links thimerosal to any health problems. In fact, all credible studies have shown just the opposite. In fact, it&rsquo;s safe to use as a preservative in food items, too!

Although many anti-vaxxers will try to tell you otherwise, thimerosal isn&rsquo;t dangerous or toxic at all. It&rsquo;s just an additive used by doctors and manufacturers alike in order to make sure our vaccinations remain effective while they&#39;re being stored and transported around the world!

<div>&nbsp;</div>

It&rsquo;s important to note that the polio vaccine does not cause cancer. Nor does it cause autism, any other brain defect, autoimmune disease, or death. The idea that vaccines are some kind of hoax like climate change denialism or flat-Earth-ism is a conspiracy theory with no basis in reality. We know this because there is plenty of evidence to prove that vaccines work and are safe for children (and adults). 
&nbsp;

Vaccines Are Safe

Polio Vaccine Is Important, Polio Vaccine Is Safe: You may be thinking that anti-vaxxers are a bunch of crazy people, but there&rsquo;s actually a lot to like about them. They&rsquo;re confident in their beliefs and not afraid to stand up for what they believe in. They&rsquo;re also highly educated, which makes them more likely than others to be able to articulate their beliefs effectively.

What anti-vaxxers get wrong about polio vaccines is that it&rsquo;s not just one type of vaccine; it&#39;s two types: oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The OPV is commonly used in Pakistan due to its ease of administration. The oral polio vaccine also eradicates the need for the presence of a healthcare professional and highly sterile equipment. This has allowed Pakistan to conduct vaccinations on a mass level. Whereas the IPV on the other hand, requires the presence of proper healthcare workers, sterile equipment and multiple doses. IPV is far more effective than OPV but since we are on a mission to completely eradicate polio from the face of earth, whatever vaccine you can get your hands on, works.&nbsp;

Many countries stopped using OPVs long ago because they discovered that although it could prevent children from getting paralysed by wild versions of poliovirus, these viruses would still circulate around the community throughout childhood &mdash; which meant other kids might get infected anyway! The risk/benefit ratio was no longer proportionate. 
&nbsp;

Bottom Line

I hope that this has helped to clear up some of the misconceptions about polio vaccines. It is important to note that the polio vaccine is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and there are many factors involved in deciding whether or not you should receive it. However, these arguments do not mean that anti-vaxxers are wrong about everything: they are right in their belief that public health decisions should be made on the basis of science rather than fear mongering.&nbsp;

Umna Salah

Online Consultation

Ismail Munir

Common Menstrual Myths In The Society

Introduction

If you belong to the latter group, then chances are that once you got over the dying part and gathered the courage to speak to a family member, they informed you of your body&#39;s natural function and likely a few additional pieces of information regarding menses. As per results from a recent study, only 28% of women in Karachi, Pakistan had adequate menstrual health knowledge prior to their first <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/article/natural-remedies-to-help-regulate-your-periods">period</a>.<a href="#accordion">[1]</a> 
&nbsp;

Understanding Myths Associated With Menstruation

Almost 50% of Pakistan&#39;s population is composed of females.<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>&nbsp;Despite the high prevalence of females, awareness of women&#39;s health issues is limited. There is an unfortunate stigmatization of menstruation in low-income countries, for e.g., sanitary napkins are often sold in brown paper bags and menstrual concerns are not a widely discussed topic. This stigmatization of menstruation and lack of awareness leads to the spread of incorrect practices and knowledge among women. This could be a source of concern as these practices can later have harmful implications on the lives of women and girls.&nbsp;

Every woman has been likely exposed to several myths and superstitions pertaining to periods. The following article will help to shed light on some of these myths.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>No Baths Allowed</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

A multi-center study conducted on menstrual hygiene practices among Pakistani girls reported that 39% of girls avoid bathing during menstruation.<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>The most common reason for avoiding taking a bath is that it can cause an irregular flow.<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>&nbsp;However, such practices can affect one&#39;s hygiene and predispose girls to reproductive tract infections. Moreover, research has pointed out that there is no link between irregular flow and bathing during menstruation. Instead, warm baths are often encouraged to help relieve painful menstrual cramps in women.<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>Don&#39;t Eat The Pickle</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Cold water, pickles, eggs, and milk are just some of the food items various cultures advise against consuming during menstruation. Approximately 50% of Pakistani girls report avoiding &#39;cold foods&#39;(e.g., yogurt, ice cream) as they fear that it will stop their periods and increase the chances of blood clots.<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>&nbsp;Similarly, &#39; hot foods&#39; (e.g., liver, eggs, dry fruits) are also avoided for fear of menstrual irregularities. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence linking cold or hot food to menstrual cycle abnormalities.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul dir="ltr">
	<li>
	<h5>Avoid Exercising</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Among the general population in Karachi, approximately 53% of women restrict physical activity during menstruation to avoid heavy periods.<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>&nbsp;Walking, sitting, and lifting weights are some of the commonly avoided physical activities among girls and women. However, research shows that aerobic exercise can be beneficial for painful menstrual cramps.<a href="#accordion">[5]</a> 
&nbsp;

Conclusion

In many low- and middle-income countries, periods are considered impure and a process of dirty or impure blood leaving the body. This is likely due to a lack of education regarding reproductive health. Young adolescent girls are often too shy or scared to discuss menstrual issues with their mothers. Moreover, a majority of adult women are also not aware of the physiology of menstruation or good hygiene practices. As a result, there is a high prevalence of misinformation among girls and women. Almost 70% of Pakistani university-going girls believe the source of bleeding in menstruation to be the vagina instead of the uterus.<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>

Therefore, there is a need for the introduction of regular menstrual education awareness programs in schools and universities. Furthermore, primary care physicians should be aware of the common myths and misconceptions regarding menstrual health in a population. Health education campaigns on a community level can ultimately help destigmatize reproductive health issues.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Key Points

<ul>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Menstruation is a natural phenomenon in a woman&#39;s life that is often stigmatized in various cultures.</li>
	<li>A lack of awareness has led to the development of various myths and practices regarding menstruation. The most common of which is avoidance of taking a bath during periods, not eating certain foods, and avoiding exercise.</li>
	<li>Community-based health education programs can help destigmatize menstruation and propagate correct information and practices among girls and women.</li>
</ul>

[1] Ali, S. A. et al., 2020. Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges Regarding Menstrual Hygiene Among Women in Karachi, Pakistan: A Comparison Between General Population and Healthcare Workers. Cureus, 12(8).

[2] Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, n.d. Census 2017. [Online].

[3] Mansoor, H. et al., 2020. Menstrual knowledge and practices of Pakistani girls: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Heliyon, 6(1).

[4] Jo, J. & Lee, S. H., 2018. Heat therapy for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effects on pain relief and quality of life. Scientific Reports, Volume 8.

[5] Dehnavi, Z. M., Jafarnejad, F. & Kamali, Z., 2018. The Effect of aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea: A clinical trial study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(3).

Nimrah H. Sattar

AL SHIFA CLINIC KARACHI

Syed Intisar Hussain

Debunking Myths About COVID-19 & Anti-Malarial Drugs

A pandemic is often a cause of panic, and rightly so, as things are often difficult to make sense of at the start or even in the middle. The looming threat of a deadly illness can lead to irrational fears among people. As expected, the <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/disease/covid-19">COVID-19 pandemic</a> also gave birth to some strange fears across the world. These ranged from thinking 5G networks cause <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/disease/covid-19">COVID-19</a> to drinking disinfectants as a preventive measure. There has also been a lot of misinformation about coronavirus treatments. While some have touted eating garlic to be lifesaving, others have stuck to drinking camel urine.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 19th May, the world has reported more than 520 million COVID-19 cases and 6 million deaths<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. Although the first COVID-19 case emerged in November 2019, Pakistan did not report a case until February 2020<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. However, the fear of an outbreak had already gripped the country way before the detection of the first case. Soon enough, people were sharing various home remedies and myths about the novel coronavirus. Moreover, the pandemic also led to the prescription and use of unauthorized drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. These included antibiotics and antimalarial drugs, among others.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Understanding The Dangers Of Unsubstantiated COVID Treatments

At the start of the pandemic, scientists conducted multiple studies in hopes to find a cure for the novel coronavirus. They investigated existing drugs such as ivermectin, anti-viral drugs, and antimalarial medications chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as experimental therapies for COVID-19. Short on time, many doctors also began prescribing these drugs to COVID patients, without any conclusive scientific evidence of their effectiveness.&nbsp;

To make matters worse, the then U.S President, Donald J. Trump admitted to taking the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine as a preventive strategy. Many of Trump&#39;s advisers and doctors supported his decision. The statement was backed by a French trial that had demonstrated a decrease in viral load after just 6 days of treatment with hydroxychloroquine<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. However, many experts labeled the results from the small-scale study anecdotal and insufficient.&nbsp;

As a result of the drug demonstrating anti-viral effects in experimental models, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) further granted both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine emergency use authorization early in the pandemic. And researchers around the world began conducting large clinical trials to evaluate the drug&#39;s safety and effectiveness against COVID-19. However, many of the trials had to be stopped in the middle due to the drug&#39;s adverse effects on participants. Moreover, many failed to show a significant benefit compared to a placebo group. In a study done among rheumatoid arthritis patients, researchers found a similar incidence of COVID-19 among both groups: 0.89% in hydroxychloroquine users and 0.62% in non-users<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>. Thus, showing that the antimalarial drug does not provide protection against the novel coronavirus.&nbsp;

As a result of the negative results in multiple trials, the FDA later revoked its emergency use authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. According to the regulatory body, the benefits no longer outweighed the risks associated with drug use. Thus, resulting in a reversal of the decision.&nbsp;

Despite the evidence, several countries such as Brazil, Pakistan, and India continued administering the antimalarial. Pakistan even banned exports of the drugs to have more available for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the increased prescription and self-medication of the drug resulted in a shortage for those that truly needed them.

&nbsp;

Both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are used for the treatment of malaria. Chloroquine works by preventing the malarial parasite from multiplying within the red blood cells. There was a time when it was hailed as a highly effective drug and was widely used to treat malaria. However, over the years, malaria strains have developed resistance to the drug. Therefore, in areas with chloroquine resistance, doctors usually prescribe other antimalarials such as mefloquine or atovaquone.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Hydroxychloroquine is a safer and more soluble metabolite of chloroquine. Both are used for treating or preventing malaria. However, due to their immunosuppressive effects, they are also FDA-approved for treating autoimmune conditions, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

The most common side effects of using antimalarial drugs are headache, nausea, diarrhea, itchiness, hives, double vision, anxiety, and hair discoloration. Although both are fairly safe, long-term use of these drugs can lead to retinal toxicity, heart toxicity, and even death. Moreover, in COVID-19 patients, antimalarial drugs have been shown to exert severe cardiac side effects. These include disturbances in the heart&#39;s rhythm and, in certain cases, sudden death.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are not the only antimalarial drugs that people have used to treat COVID-19. Many have also experimented with the Artemisia plant in the form of herbal teas or supplements to cure the viral disease.&nbsp;

One of the commonly used antimalarial drugs, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are produced from extracts of the Artemisia plant. However, no study has found the drug or the plant to exert a positive effect against COVID-19. The WHO has also found no evidence of the plant&#39;s effectiveness against the novel coronavirus.&nbsp;

One antimalarial drug, atovaquone, has shown anti-viral activity in a lab study. Atovaquone is an effective antimalarial drug used in combination with proguanil. Sold under the brand name Malarone, the medication is highly effective in treating chloroquine-resistant malaria. Moreover, atovaquone is also used to treat toxoplasmosis and mild pneumocystis pneumonia infections. Due to the drug&#39;s anti-viral effects against viruses such as Zika and dengue, scientists conducted a laboratory study investigating its effect on infected human lung cells.

The study not only demonstrated the drug&#39;s ability to prevent coronavirus replication in cells but also its effectiveness against various coronavirus variants<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>. Based on these results, researchers are now conducting clinical trials of atovaquone for COVID-19 treatment.

&nbsp;

The start of the COVID-19 pandemic led to scientists scrambling for a cure or breakthrough in the treatment of the novel coronavirus. Since developing new treatments can take a lot of time, researchers turned to drug repurposing. This involves investigating new uses for existing drugs. The strategy is often employed for its time and cost-effectiveness, especially in times like the pandemic.&nbsp;

During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers repurposed various drugs such as remdesivir, ivermectin, steroids, antidepressants, vitamin C and D, Zinc, and even immunosuppressants. While this led to several safe and effective coronavirus treatments, it also helped establish which drugs don&#39;t work.&nbsp;

Antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are among the treatment options that did not show a favorable profile against COVID-19. Although, at the start of the pandemic, many countries adopted the drugs without any validated scientific evidence. Antimalarial use was further exacerbated when the then U.S. President Donald J. Trump reported using hydroxychloroquine as a precautionary step. Despite the lack of evidence, people rushed to get their hands on a prescription for the medicine. Moreover, the increased demand led to pharmaceutical companies putting all their resources into increasing drug production. This diverted attention from the production of important pandemic supplies, like face masks, ventilators, and gowns. Experts have criticized people for hoarding these medications and causing shortages for those suffering from malaria, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, recent trials and studies have proven hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine as ineffective against COVID-19. Many have also related severe side effects to the drug&#39;s use.&nbsp;

Therefore, the WHO urges people to not self-medicate with these or any drugs that have not been backed by any health regulatory body. Moreover, physicians are advised to refrain from administering such treatments to COVID-19 patients.

In conclusion, prevention is the best strategy against COVID-19. Washing hands, maintaining social distancing, and wearing a mask continue to be the best precautionary steps for preventing COVID-19.

&nbsp;

Key points

<ul></ul><ul><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">The COVID-19 pandemic began in November of 2019 and has infected more than 520 million people across the world.&nbsp;</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">The pandemic gave rise to several myths and theories about the spread and treatment of COVID-19. From eating garlic to drinking disinfectants, people have done some rather outlandish things to protect themselves.&nbsp;</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">One such myth surrounded the use of antimalarial drugs to treat COVID-19. Early in the pandemic, several scientists also supported the theory, citing successful result from small scale in-vitro studies.&nbsp;</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">As the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increased worldwide, it also led to the development of severe side effects among COVID-19 patients.</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Multiple trials also investigated the effects of these drugs on the novel coronavirus. However, none could demonstrate any benefits. Moreover, many clinical trials ended halfway due to the occurrence of severe cardiac side effects among trial patients taking hydroxychloroquine.</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Other than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, people have also explored the Artemisia plant for its anti-viral properties. The plant's extracts are used for making artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for malaria. However, studies have not found the plant to have anti-COVID activity.</li><li style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">So far, atovaquone is the only antimalarial that has shown anti-viral properties against COVID-infected lung cells. The laboratory study is now being converted into a clinical trial to help scientists better understand the drug's mechanism of action and safety.&nbsp;</li></ul>

[1] WHO, 2022. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. [Online].

[2] Habib, M. & Abbas, M., 2021. Facing the Threat of COVID-19 in Pakistan: A Nation’s Dilemma. Value in Health Regional Issues, Volume 24, pp. 90-95.

[3] Gautret, P. et al., 2020. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.

[4] Favalli, E. G. et al., 2020. Role of antimalarials in COVID-19: observational data from a cohort of rheumatic patients. Annals of the Rheumatic Disease, 80(5).

[5] FDA, 2020. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Revokes Emergency Use Authorization for Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. [Online].

[6] Carter-Timofte, E. M. et al., 2021. Antiviral Potential of the Antimicrobial Drug Atovaquone against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants of Concern. ACS Infectious Diseases, 7(11), pp. 3034-3051.

Iqra Mazhar

Debunking Myths Of Kidney Stones

<a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/disease/kidney-stones-66">Kidney stones</a> are notorious for being one of the most painful and difficult ailments an individual can be diagnosed with. And they are becoming more prevalent. Today over half of all urology patients in Pakistan have a kidney stone and 3-5% of the population is at risk of developing a kidney stone at some point in their lives[1]. Diet, an abundance of body weight, and certain ailments and medications are among the leading reasons for kidney stones. From the kidneys to the bladder, any segment of the urinary tract can be hindered by renal stones. 
&nbsp;

Although a common occurrence, there are a ton of myths and misinterpretations surrounding kidney stones, their causes, and ways to prevent their formation. 
&nbsp;

Potential causes include drinking too little water, excessively working out, weight reduction surgery, obesity, or eating salty or sugary food. In certain individuals, diseases and family ancestry may also play a role. Moreover, consuming an excess of fructose (present in table sugar and high fructose corn syrup) corresponds to a growing chance of fostering a kidney stone<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
&nbsp;

There are four main kinds of kidney stones: 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Calcium Stones: Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.&nbsp;Calcium oxalate stones are formed due to calcium mixing with the oxalate present in urine. Consuming oxalate-rich foods such as spinach, peanuts, and chocolates can increase one&rsquo;s risk of these stones. On the other hand, calcium phosphate stones are less prevalent than oxalate ones. They are typically caused by hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, and urinary tract diseases<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Uric Acid Stones: Uric acid stones are often associated with diabetes, body weight fluctuations, and several metabolic disorders. These stones are formed due to excessively acidic urine<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Struvite Stones: The most well-known reason for struvite stones is urinary tract infections (UTIs) that lead to urine pH imbalances These stones can be significantly large and cause urinary obstruction<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Cystine Stones: This is the least common type of kidney stone. It occurs in people with cystinuria, a genetic condition that results in increased levels of the amino acid cystine in the urine.&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

Understanding kidney stones and some common myths

Have you ever received unsolicited medical advice from a neighbour? A friend? Or maybe an aunt with no blood relation to you?&nbsp; Technically, anyone but a medical practitioner? Then you have stumbled upon the right page. If there is anything desis love more than chai it is reliance on pseudo-helpful home remedies and ancestral healing concoctions. And why should kidney stones be any different? Here, we have listed the top 5 myths about kidney stones, believing which would do you more harm than good: 
&nbsp;

<h5>1. Toss Out Dairy</h5>

It has been misconstrued that you need to opt for non-milk options and adapt to a dairy-free life as research suggests otherwise. The calcium in milk is essential for several bodily functions such as blood clotting, assisting muscular contractions, regulating healthy heart contractions and relaxations, nerve functioning, strong bones and teeth, and, most of all, preventing kidney stones<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Many individuals dread calcium since calcium consumption has been linked to the formation of kidney stones, yet the reality of the situation could not be further from such a restrictive diet. If there is a possibility that your calcium intake is excessively low, you are in fact in danger of increasingly absorbing oxalate, a typical compound we eat in numerous food sources. Excessive retention of oxalate can prompt additional oxalate in your urine and that can give rise to calcium oxalate stones. 
&nbsp;

<h5>2. Like A Stomachache</h5>

We trace the origin of this myth to just a lack of knowledge of anatomy, where any region of the abdomen below the chest and above the legs has been coiled under the umbrella term stomach. While you will experience incredible levels of discomfort and sharp pain in your lower abdominal region, it will feel more like a spasm. At the point when you have spasms, your stomach muscles flex with incomparable force and intensity which causes serious pain. As the stone travels through the urinary tract, the pain might differ in levels of intensity. Kidney stones can cause a tightening of muscles, and for certain individuals, the stabbing sensation of pain is like that experienced in menstrual cramps. To rule out the dismissing excuse of a stomachache, keep an eye out for other symptoms of kidney stones, which include nausea, discomfort while urinating, and a pungent smell of urine<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<h5>3. Kidney Stone Is Always Painful</h5>

Kidney stones are defined as hard sediments of minerals within the urinary tract that obstructs the path of urine, cause infection, and bring a mammoth of pain. However, they are not always bearers of pain, especially when they are in the initial stages of formation. Other symptoms might indicate the formation of a kidney stone such as blood while urinating, severe nausea, and uncontrollable vomiting. 
&nbsp;

A type of kidney stone termed &lsquo;Silent Stone&rsquo; fails to exhibit characteristic kidney stone symptoms and is diagnosed by an imaging test or a routine checkup. In Pakistan, the results of a study in a urology department found that 3% of all urology patients suffered from silent kidney stones<a href="#reference" target="_blank">1</a>. Therefore, routine visits to a GP are necessary to catch any unprecedented discovery and receive timely treatment before the development of any complications. 
&nbsp;

<h5>4. Cranberry Juice Is The Elixir Of All</h5>

Cranberry juice is a perfectly viable option and beverage for when you have a urinary tract infection or as a preventive measure to forestall one. It thickens and solidifies your urine, which drains the contaminated substances out and wards off the probability of having it again. However, if you have a kidney stone, it exacerbates the issue. Cranberry contains high measures of oxalate, which is a primary mineral found in kidney stones. Therefore, if you want to get rid of kidney stones, skip the cranberry juice. 
&nbsp;

With regards to halting kidney stones, lemon juice is a far better alternative to cranberry juice. Citrus refreshments have been associated with an increment of citrate levels in urine, which can limit and restrict stone development. Nonetheless, research shows the amount you drink has a lot more prominent effect than what you drink. You must hydrate yourself sufficiently with 100 ounces of liquids daily - anything that those liquids might be - to keep the kidneys flushed out and the abundance and prevalence of stone-forming salts lower. 
&nbsp;

<h5>5. Sodas Cause Kidney Stones</h5>

As an organization dedicated to garnering public attention towards medical illnesses, we feel obligated to suggest avoiding sodas and fizzy beverages as their high sugar and preservative concentrations can cause several complications. But, as morally honest fact bearers, we must admit that soft drinks are not the sole contributors to kidney stones. The truth of the matter is phosphoric acid is the main culprit. The ingredient is commonly found in dark-colored soft drinks. The other issue with soda is that it is an infamous diuretic because of the addition of caffeine. This raises the normal concentration of salt in your urine, which advances kidney stones<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>. So, if you choose to consume a soft drink, compensate the ounces with an equivalent measure of water and you will diminish that concentration. Then again, you could stay away from soft drinks through and through and replace them with better options. 
&nbsp;

<h4>"A high Heart rate variability is a an important indicator of good health. Head on over to our <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/page/sehat-scan/" target="_blank">sehat scan </a>and check your heart rate variability today!" </h4>

The only conclusion that can be drawn from busting several myths is another myth that the internet knows it all. While many verified health blogs and revered medical journals will supply you with an influx of information, it is important to realize that each body is different. For any disease or illness or even kidney stones, always consult a doctor, a urologist, and a certified dietician who can guide you, assist you, and support you with reasonable and sustainable solutions. 
&nbsp;

Tip of the day: Be old school and book that appointment ASAP. 
&nbsp;

This article gathered to debunk some of the most common myths surrounding kidney stones that patients have heard from their acquaintances or on the internet. With the intent to inform rather than offend the key takeaways from this article are:

<ul>
	<li>There are four types of kidney stones: calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones.</li>
	<li>The body should not be deprived of calcium as its deficiency can lead to kidney stones.</li>
	<li>Kidney stones are not always painful and can be silent.</li>
	<li>Kidney stones cause a more severe pain than a stomachache.</li>
	<li>Kidney stones cannot be cured with cranberry juice; opt for lemon juice instead.</li>
	<li>Stay hydrated!&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

[1].Buchholz, N., Abbas, F., Khan, R., Talati, J., Afzal, M., & Rizvi, I. (2003). The Prevalence of Silent Kidney Stones - an Ultrasonographic Screening Study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 53, 1-5.

[2].National Kidney Foundation. (2022). Kidney Stones. Retrieved from National Kidney Foundation:

[3].U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Definition & Facts for Kidney Stones. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved July 28, 2022,

[4].Loughlin, K. R. (2019, May 17). What causes kidney stones (and what to do). Retrieved from Harvard Medical School:

[5].Urology Specialists of Georgia. (2022). Debunking 3 Common Kidney Stone Myths. Retrieved from Urology Specialists of Georgia:

[6].Uribarri, J., Oh, M. S., & Carroll, H. J. (1989). The First Kidney Stone. Annals of internal medicine, 111(12), 1006–1009.

Zarlish Kazmi

Five Myths About Weight Loss

While the acceptance of diversity in bodily sizes is on a steady rise, certain &lsquo;thin body&rsquo; lobbyists will still try to promote unhealthy weight loss methods. This article aims to explore five of the most prevalent weight loss myths and how we can move forward towards a healthier lifestyle.

&nbsp;

Understanding of Weight loss myths

<h5>You Shouldn&rsquo;t Eat Dessert</h5>

While an excess consumption of carbohydrates will catalyse the production of fat, both in terms of storage reserves and insulin spikes, a moderate consumption of sugary foods and bread is actually essential for your health.&nbsp;

Our body requires a diverse range of micro- and macronutrients as well as glucose in order to survive. Since carbohydrates break down immediately into glucose, it temporarily relieves the body of additional effort that is required to create glucose from other foods.&nbsp;

Not only do our bodies need this rest, but it is also highly unsustainable to avoid desserts for the long term and can have catastrophic impacts on impulse control. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Cooking With Olive Oil Is Healthier</h5>

Olive oil is a miracle substance. It contains large amounts of antioxidants, prevents heart disease and stroke, and is a powerful anti-inflammatory. It also promotes healthy weight loss due to large quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids. But it cannot remain stable in heat.&nbsp;

This miracle oil is extremely gentle and exposing it to high degrees of heat actually makes it more absorptive of free radicals in the air. In fact, even in environments where there&rsquo;s not a lot of heat, olive oil should not be directly exposed to the atmosphere. The best way to store olive oil is to cap it up tightly and put it in a cool, dry place like the fridge.&nbsp;

Coconut oil can easily replace olive oil in healthy cooking efforts as it remains stable in heat and contains a lot of the benefits of olive oil as well.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>There Is A Miracle Weight-loss Elixir Out There</h5>

To put it simply, they do not exist. They&rsquo;re called laxatives, are extremely bad for digestion, and can in fact contribute to eating disorders.

&nbsp;

<h5>Mangoes Cause Weight Gain</h5>

If you&rsquo;ve been avoiding mangoes this season, now is the time to remedy this mistake. Mangoes are widely believed to promote weight gain due to their meaty, sweet content. In truth, however, mangoes promote satiety and can therefore be used for weight loss when consumed in moderation.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

<h5>You Need To Control Your Hunger</h5>

Not eating when you&rsquo;re hungry is actually the surest way to gain weight faster. This is because it cultivates issues with impulse control and denies our bodily intelligence. Our bodies are incredibly wise and will inform us of whatever we need whenever we need it. For example, craving chocolate is your body&rsquo;s signal for magnesium and craving vegetables is your body&rsquo;s signal for fiber and vitamins. 
&nbsp;

It might be tempting to try out a yo-yo diet or quick fix for weight loss but the best way to optimize health and maintain a good body weight is actually to lean into your body&rsquo;s intuition and give it what it needs with compassion.

Zuha Malik

This article or video has been recorded by a subject / domain specialists with a proven track record of excellence in their area. 

Everything You Should Know About Labor Induction

If you&#39;re a pregnant woman approaching your due date, you&#39;re probably wondering when and how you&#39;ll give birth. Under certain circumstances, your<a href="http://merisehat.pk"> healthcare provider </a>may suggest induction.&nbsp;

Labor induction is basically using medicine and/or other techniques to initiate labor rather than waiting for it to begin naturally. It is usually advised when either the mother or the infant has a condition that puts them at risk of complications before or during delivery. However, some women still choose elective induction without these specific conditions.&nbsp;

This article will describe what labor induction looks like, when and why it&#39;s suggested, and some of the concerns and advantages of the techniques used to induce labor.&nbsp;

Routine action refers to the use of medicine or other medical procedures to speed up labor. Some doctors used to routinely induce labor years ago. However, it is no longer routinely done unless a genuine medical requirement exists. Labor is normally allowed to take its natural course.&nbsp;

According to the WHO, labor induction rates are normally lower in low-and middle-income nations, but in some situations, they can be as high as those reported in high-income ones. 
&nbsp;

Understanding Labor Induction

The Bishop score was named after obstetrician Edward Bishop who devised this technique in 1964<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. Your doctor will use the Bishop score to determine how soon you&#39;ll give birth and whether to induce labor.

Based on a physical exam and ultrasound results, your doctor will evaluate the following factors:

<ul>
	<li>The extent of your cervical opening (dilation)</li>
	<li>How narrow your cervix is (effacement)</li>
	<li>How soft and flexible your cervix is</li>
	<li>Where your baby&rsquo;s head is located in the birth canal (fetal station)</li>
</ul>

A score of 8 or higher indicates that you&#39;re close to entering labor and that induction should go well. A lower score reduces your chances of induction. 
&nbsp;

The main difference between natural labor and induction is that induction is the use of drugs or medical methods to initiate your labor. Natural labor takes place on its own.&nbsp;The duration of labor without medical involvement varies. Some women give birth within a few hours of experiencing their first contractions. Others must wait several days before they are ready to give birth.When you undergo labor naturally, the muscles of your uterus begin to contract. Your cervix then opens, softens, and things to prepare for your baby's birth.Your cramps will become more common and severe during active labor. To fit your baby's head, your cervix expands from 6 cm to 10 cm. Your baby is born at the completion of this stage.

There are various situations and circumstances under which a doctor may suggest labor induction. And this is normally done if there is a concern about your or your baby&#39;s health.

For example:

<ul>
	<li>You&#39;re two weeks past your due date (more than 41-42 weeks into your pregnancy) and still haven&#39;t given birth; the risk of problems increases after 41-42 weeks</li>
	<li>Your placenta is detaching from the uterine wall (placental abruption)</li>
	<li>You have a uterine infection (chorioamnionitis)</li>
	<li>You haven&#39;t yet felt any contractions even though your water broke (preterm rupture of membranes)</li>
	<li>The level of your amniotic fluid is very low</li>
	<li>Your baby is not developing and growing as it is supposed to 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Your doctor may also suggest labor induction if you have specific medical conditions. For example:

<ul>
	<li>Hypertension (high blood pressure)&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Gestational diabetes (high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy period and commonly disappears after delivery)&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Renal (kidney) disease</li>
	<li>Pulmonary (lung) disease</li>
	<li>Cardiovascular (heart) disease</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

In these cases, induction can help relieve stress for both the mother and the baby. It can also help avoid complications that are more likely to appear near the end of a pregnancy.

Even if you don&#39;t have any of the above-mentioned conditions, doctors may sometimes recommend induction for women expecting it for the first time.&nbsp;This is because research shows that induction of labor at 39 weeks for women expecting for the first time can minimize the likelihood of needing a C-section. In the study, women induced at 39 weeks of pregnancy were also less likely to develop preeclampsia, a life-threatening illness of high blood pressure that can affect women and their kids after 20 weeks. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Induction Guidelines By AIMS</h5>

The AIMS guidelines suggest induction or a planned cesarean sooner than 41 weeks if you have any of the following complications<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>:

<ul>
	<li>You already have Type 1, Type 2, or gestational diabetes mellitus, especially if your child is also expected to have a high birth weight&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You have high blood pressure that can&rsquo;t be maintained with medicines or developed pre-eclampsia (high BP during pregnancy)&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You experience severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You are pregnant with twins or triplets&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

While it&#39;s typically better to let nature take its course, forcing labor may be a good option if there is an issue with your pregnancy or infant. Induction is also an option to avoid a C-section if you are in good health. According to a 2018 study, pregnant women who were induced at 39 weeks were less likely to require a C-section than those who waited<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.

Consult with your doctor about inducing at 39 weeks if:

<ul>
	<li>You are expecting for the first time</li>
	<li>You are just carrying one child&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You and your child are healthy&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

C-sections can be dangerous sometimes, resulting in problems such as bleeding and infection. While surgical deliveries are required in some situations, they can potentially cause more issues with future pregnancies. 
&nbsp;

There are several methods for inducing labor. After your cervix has been examined, your doctor or midwife will advise you on the best course of action. A mix of various tactics might be necessary. You must give written permission for the procedure.

&nbsp;

<h5>1. Sweeping The Membranes</h5>

A vaginal examination involves the midwife or doctor moving their finger in a circle around your cervix. Prostaglandins, a hormone, should be released as a result of this action. This operation can be completed in the doctor&#39;s office and does not require hospitalization. There may be no need for additional procedures because this may be sufficient to initiate labor.

Risks: Although this is a straightforward and uncomplicated operation, it is not always successful. While it may feel a little unpleasant, bear in mind that it is not painful. 
&nbsp;

<h5>2. Oxytocin</h5>

You receive a drip in your arm that releases synthetic oxytocin to trigger your contractions. This process can go on for several hours. The baby&#39;s heart rate may be impacted when contractions come too quickly. This can be managed by decreasing the drip or being given another medication.

Risks: Firstly, compared to natural labor, oxytocin may cause more painful, frequent, and powerful contractions, increasing the likelihood that you&#39;ll need pain medication as well. Secondly, with the drip in your arm and the fetal monitor wrapped around your abdomen, you won&#39;t be able to move about very much. 
&nbsp;

<h5>3. Artificial Rupture Of Membranes (&#39;Breaking Your Water&#39;)</h5>

A little hook-shaped object is inserted into your vagina by your doctor or midwife to create a hole in the membrane sac containing the amniotic fluid. This will exert more pressure on your cervix from the baby&#39;s head, which could be enough to induce labor. Additionally, many women will require oxytocin to trigger their contractions.

Risks: ARM is not painful. However, it can be a little uncomfortable. An increased chance of bleeding, infection, and prolapsed umbilical cord also exists. 
&nbsp;

<h5>4. Prostaglandins</h5>

A synthetic version of the prostaglandin hormone is injected to soften your cervix and prepare your body for labor. A pessary and tape (similar to a tampon) that gradually releases the hormone during a period of 12-24 hours and a gel that can be applied multiple times (typically every 6-8 hours) are available for this purpose. Since prostaglandin gel feels closest to natural labor, it is often a preferred method of labor induction.&nbsp;

You need to lie down and stay in the hospital after administering the prostaglandins. You could also need ARM or oxytocin to stimulate the contractions if your water hasn&#39;t broken.

Call your midwife or doctor immediately when your water breaks or you begin to have pain. Consistent contractions are spaced at 5-minute intervals for your first baby or 10 minutes apart for subsequent births because these are both indications that labor has started.

Risks: Some women report that their vagina is sore after using the prostaglandin gel. Other women report experiencing nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. There is no indication that prostaglandin induction is more painful than natural labor. In rare instances, the contractions may be too severe and could slow the baby&#39;s heart rate. However, you can manage this by receiving another medication or getting rid of the pessary. Lastly, if you experience bleeding or notice that your baby is moving less, you should contact your doctor or midwife immediately. 
&nbsp;

<h5>5. The Cervical Ripening Balloon Catheter</h5>

A little tube with an attached balloon is put into your cervix to serve as a cervical ripening balloon catheter. Saline is used to fill the balloon, which exerts pressure on your cervix and forces it to dilate. It is kept for almost 15 hours after another cervical examination is conducted.

Call your midwife or doctor immediately when your water breaks or you begin to have pain. Consistent contractions are spaced at 5-minute intervals for your first baby or 10 minutes apart for subsequent births because these are both indications that labor has started. Also, if you are utilizing a cervical ripening balloon catheter, you might require ARM or oxytocin.

Risks: Although it won&#39;t hurt, inserting the catheter can be slightly unpleasant. If, at any stage, you start bleeding or your baby starts to move less, you should immediately notify your doctor or midwife. 
&nbsp;

You will enter the hospital&#39;s maternity ward if induction is necessary. You can induce labor by placing a tablet (pessary) or gel into your vagina. Starting labor may take some time, especially if pessaries or gels are needed to soften the cervix (the neck of the uterus).

Typically, you&#39;ll spend the time waiting at the hospital&#39;s maternity ward. After 6 hours, if you haven&#39;t experienced any contractions, you might be given another tablet or gel.

A controlled-release pessary injected into your vagina may take up to 24 hours to take effect. After 24 hours, if you are still not experiencing contractions, you might be given another dose. To hasten labor, a hormone drip may be required. Even then, it may take up to 48 hours to go into labor, but everything should go according to plan once it does. 
&nbsp;

<h5>What Does Labor Induction Feel Like?</h5>

Sweeping the membranes can be a little painful or uncomfortable, although it usually only takes a minute or so. It is unpleasant to have your water broken. You may feel a tug, then a warm drip or gush of fluid. Prostaglandin may also cause severe cramps. Contractions usually are more frequent and regular with oxytocin than in natural labor. You may continue to experience severe cramping and spotting for the next day or two.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>What Happens If Labor Does Not Take Place Even After Induction?</h5>

Induction does not always go smoothly, and labor may not begin. Your midwife and doctor will go through all of your options with you. They will evaluate your health and your baby&#39;s health, and you may be offered another induction or a cesarean section.

&nbsp;

Labor induction involves a number of risks, including:

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Failed Induction</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

If the techniques used do not result in a vaginal birth within 24 hours, the induction may be regarded as a failure. In such circumstances, a C-section may be required.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Low Fetal Heart Rate</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

The drugs used to induce labor, such as oxytocin or prostaglandin, may cause the uterus to contract excessively. This can reduce the baby&#39;s oxygen supply and lower the baby&#39;s heart rate.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Infection</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Some labor induction techniques, such as rupturing the membranes, may increase the risk of infection for both mother and baby. The longer the interval between membrane rupture and delivery, the greater the chances of infection.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Uterine Rupture</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

This is an uncommon but dangerous condition in which the uterus rips along the scar line from a previous C-section or any significant uterine surgery. Sometimes, uterine rupture can happen in women who have never had uterine surgery before. To avoid potentially deadly complications, an emergency C-section is required and the uterus may need to be removed.

&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Bleeding After Delivery</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Labor induction increases the chance that the muscles of the uterus will not appropriately contract after birth, which might result in severe bleeding after delivery.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>Important!</h5>

Labor induction is not for everyone. It might not be possible if:

<ul>
	<li>The placenta is obstructing the cervix (placenta previa)</li>
	<li>Your baby is lying sideways (transverse lie) or buttocks first (breech)</li>
	<li>You have an active genital herpes infection</li>
	<li>You&#39;ve undergone a C-section previously or have had a major uterine surgery in the past.&nbsp;If you have had a C-section and are in labor, your doctor will probably advise you to avoid certain drugs to lessen the risk of uterine rupture.</li>
	<li>Umbilical cord prolapse occurs, i.e.,&nbsp;the umbilical cord slips down in front of the baby after the waters have broken. The cord can then come through the open cervix (entrance of the womb). It usually happens during labor but can occur when the waters break before labor starts.</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

Even outside of a medical indication, a lot of pregnant women talk to their doctor about the likelihood of elective induction. This option may be preferred for a variety of reasons, including:

<ul>
	<li>
	It is easy to plan
	</li>
	<li>
	Knowing what to expect can assist in lowering anxiety
	</li>
	<li>
	Pregnancy can feel like it&rsquo;s taking a lot of time beyond 39 weeks, and it can be stressful for a variety of different reasons
	</li>
</ul>

Note: If you are at 39 weeks of pregnancy and are concerned about elective induction, discuss it with your doctor. Although elective induction has many advantages, it is also important to be aware of the complications.

&nbsp;

Before you have an induction, there is still much to DO besides medical matters.

&nbsp;

<h5>1. Plan Daycare&nbsp;</h5>

If you have other children at home, make sure they have a safe place to go. The father needs to know the drill while you&#39;re at the hospital.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>2. Things to Prepare Before Baby</h5>

<ul>
	<li>
	Get ready for the baby.&nbsp;Be prepared that the newborn will take a lot of your energy and time. You might spend many sleepless nights. Set up a corner or get a rocking chair where you can sit comfortably to relieve your tired back.
	</li>
	<li>Get the car seat ready.&nbsp;The car seat is one item you MUST HAVE when you leave the hospital, so make sure to load it up and make sure you know how to use it.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

<h5>3. Prepare For Postpartum Care</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Buy effective absorbent pads so you won&#39;t leak during naps or sleep. In the beginning, you will bleed, and retaining your urine may also be difficult. Some women prefer washable underwear, too; it&rsquo;s a personal choice. However, a few packs of heavier pads can always come in handy even when you&#39;re not bleeding as much.</li>
	<li>You have the opportunity to pack your things very methodically &ndash; not just the labor bag, but also a dad bag, a baby bag, and a postpartum bag. Your labor bag, in particular, can have a few items to help you pass the time as labor begins slowly after an induction. Also, it may take some time before you enter active labor. And if this is your first child, it may take even longer.</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

<h5>4. Take Time For You!</h5>

<ul>
	<li>
	It will be worthwhile if you can obtain a good night&#39;s rest the night before your induction.&nbsp;
	</li>
	<li>
	If you&#39;re feeling worried and unable to control your thoughts, consult your doctor for some safe anti-anxiety medications.&nbsp;
	</li>
	<li>
	Consider taking a long stroll before night to help you relax.
	</li>
	<li>
	A prenatal massage would be lovely.
	</li>
	<li>
	Listen to a soothing meditation!
	</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

baby&#39;s health, inducing labor is advisable. Women who are expecting for the first time and have reached 39 weeks may choose to have an induction outside of these circumstances. Before deciding on an induction, explore the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods with your doctor. Doing this allows you to get all the data you require to decide what is best for you and your unborn child. 
&nbsp;

<ul><li>A mother and her unborn child are more likely to experience problems during labor when certain conditions exist and a healthcare professional may advise labor induction in those cases.</li><li>Induction of labor at 39 weeks may reduce the chance of cesarean section in first-time pregnancies, even in the absence of pregnancy problems.</li><li>In order to make the best choice for you and your baby, reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of inducing labor with your healthcare professional can be helpful.</li></ul>

[1] Kolkman DGE, Verhoeven CJM, Brinkhorst SJ, Van Der Post JAM, Pajkrt E, Opmeer BC, et al. A systematic review of the Bishop score as a predictor of labor induction success. Am J Perinatol. 2013;30(08):625–30.

[2] Can I. Induction of Labour.

[3] Grobman WA, Caughey AB. Elective induction of labor at 39 weeks compared with expectant management: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(4):304-310. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.046

Neelam Asad

There are a wide range of reasons why it might be essential to induce labor. Most frequently, it&rsquo;s because the delivery is overdue or there are some kinds of pregnancy problems. Despite the fact that in 2017, 43.1% of women expecting their first child had their labor induced, the process is still seen as an emergency intervention and hence requires understanding<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>.

&nbsp;

According to NHS Maternity Statistics, the rate of induction of labor in England has climbed from 21% (March 2010) to 34% (March 2021)<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. Under the guidance of a skilled gynecologist, labor induction is a safe procedure.

&nbsp;

This article will shed light on various myths and pertinent facts about elective or natural labor.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Understanding Myths Surrounding Labor Induction

<h5>Myth #1: Acupuncture Helps Induce Labor</h5>

Fact: <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/is-acupuncture-the-right-choice-for-you">Acupuncture</a> indeed has a noble past, and many individuals speak of its claimed advantages. Generally, acupuncture has no negative effects as long as it is administered by a trained professional who observes standard medical safety procedures. There isn&#39;t much information available, though, about this technique&#39;s efficacy in inducing labor. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #2: Eating Spicy Food Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: Well, spicy food does not directly contribute to induction. It&rsquo;s an old wives&#39; tale &ndash; since spicy food triggers diarrhea or otherwise excites intestines, it might in turn result in uterine contractions.

&nbsp;

A word of caution is needed here: This isn&#39;t an authorized way to induce labor. It&#39;s not a good idea to induce diarrhea because it might lead to dehydration. There&rsquo;s also a possibility of having a severe case of heartburn. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #3: Sex Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: Yes, in some circumstances, it might be helpful. Semen contains a minor quantity of prostaglandins, which are hormones that encourage cervical ripening. This coupled with female orgasms can bring on uterine contractions and the release of oxytocin, (sometimes referred to as the &quot;love hormone&quot;) during sex. However, experiencing a few contractions post sex doesn&#39;t mean it&rsquo;ll lead to regular contractions or a full-fledged labor.

&nbsp;

Moreover, several smaller studies suggest that having intercourse might not necessarily influence how quickly a pregnant woman goes into labor.

&nbsp;

A pregnant person may be hopeful that this strategy will succeed for a variety of reasons. However, it&#39;s vital to remember that not all pregnant women can have safe sex. If the doctor&rsquo;s advised against it and asked to maintain pelvic rest due to a placenta previa or another pregnancy problem, then the pregnant woman should refrain from having intercourse. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #4: Walking or Exercising Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: This is not likely because walking has little effect on prostaglandin release. The idea behind walking is that gravity, balance changes, and movement can assist in lowering the baby into the pelvis and accelerating labor. However, while studies suggest that walking is an excellent form of exercise for expectant mothers, there is no evidence of its role in inducing labor.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Regular walks help expecting mothers to feel good about themselves, assist them in getting the baby into the proper position for delivery, as well as enable them to develop strength for childbirth throughout their pregnancy (not just at the end!). Walking, or at the very least, staying upright whenever feasible, has been reported to speed up labor after it has begun. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #5: Pineapple Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: NO. Pineapple contains a protein-breaking enzyme called bromelain, which makes it a crucial component of numerous meat tenderizers.

&nbsp;

Bromelain is thought to break down the tissue in the cervix and soften it in order to prepare for delivery. This is the reason why it&rsquo;s used in labor induction. However, there is no solid scientific proof for this hypothesis.

&nbsp;

Although bromelain may be effective on meat, the human body does not respond well to it. Additionally, pineapple may induce heartburn during pregnancy. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #6: It&rsquo;s Better To Wait till 41+ Weeks Than Opt For Elective Induction</h5>

Fact: False. The recent guidelines by&nbsp; NICE (National Institute for Health Care and Excellence) states that there is an increasing body of evidence that pregnancies that reach, or pass, 41 weeks are associated with a small increase in the risk of stillbirth and perinatal death and that induction of labor reduces this risk<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #7: Nipple Stimulation Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: Nipple stimulation releases oxytocin, which might result in contractions, and anything that initiates labor would help, even when it is not directly related to dilatation.

&nbsp;

Before attempting nipple stimulation, always consult a doctor. When carrying a high-risk pregnancy, it should be avoided because prolonged and intense nipple stimulation can cause stress to the fetus.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

There are three options for nipple stimulation: manually, with a breast pump, or with a spouse. Just be careful not to overdo it; only massage one breast at a time for 5 minutes each. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #8: Eating Dates Helps&nbsp;</h5>

Fact: Yes, frequent consumption of dates provides the body with a good amount of nourishment. Dates possess the hormone potuchin, which serves to bind the uterus and its muscles in an effort to lessen postpartum bleeding. And then, there is the hormone oxytocin, which can encourage uterine muscular contractions to speed up labor<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>. However, please exercise moderation when it comes to food consumption. Please consult your doctor to know the safe amount of dates to consume. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #9: Castor Oil Induces Labor</h5>

Fact: No, and it&#39;s not advised. Castor oil can produce diarrhea and cramping in the intestines, which may make the uterus &quot;irritable&quot; . The cervix does not dilate as a result of these cramps, but these cramps can be exceedingly uncomfortable for the patients.

&nbsp;

Additionally, castor oil might induce feces release in an unborn child (meconium). Meconium can be consumed prior to birth when it combines with amniotic fluid. In rare cases, it might lead to pneumonia in the newborn. Please refrain from attempting castor oil! 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #10: Herbal Teas And Cohosh Induce Labor</h5>

Fact: It&#39;s untrue! Medical studies to support the safety of these products for mothers have not been conducted. Cohosh is one plant that contains phytoestrogens, which increases the risk of clotting in pregnant women and, therefore, should be avoided.

&nbsp;

Gamma-linolenic acid or GLA, which is a precursor to prostaglandins, is found in evening primrose oil. It is said to aid in &quot;ripening the cervix.&quot; Although there is no medical proof that it is effective, there is also no evidence that it is hazardous. However, it is best to avoid it.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #11: A Second Labor Is Less Painful and Easy</h5>

Fact: It&#39;s true that successive labors tend to be shorter because the previous birth already stretched the cervix, pelvic floor muscles, and birth canal. But even if they last a shorter time, the discomfort is still there. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #12: A C-Section Is Necessary In Case Of Twins</h5>

Fact: A vaginal birth is entirely conceivable if there are no problems; it&rsquo;s true despite the fact that more than half of all twin births in the UK occur via Cesarean. A vaginal birth ought to be achievable if the first twin is lying head-down. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #13: Full Moon Helps Ease Labor Induction</h5>

Fact: According to an urban legend, more women have labor around full moons. There is absolutely no evidence to support the claim.&nbsp; Despite the absence of proof, many midwives still believe they will have a busy shift around the full moon! 
&nbsp;

<h5>Myth #14: Elective Induction Reduces Labor Time&nbsp;</h5>

Fact: The duration of labor varies from woman to woman and from pregnancy to pregnancy, but induced labor, which is started by using artificial hormones to trigger uterine contractions, can last for a few hours to a few days. It can take longer for first-time mothers or those less than 37 weeks pregnant. Before beginning the induction process, it is impossible to predict how the body will react to the medications being utilized. 
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Although it usually takes less time, labor induction can occasionally last 2-3 days. It takes longer if it's the first pregnancy. Eat very little -before visiting the hospital. Keep in mind that the medications used to induce labor may cause stomach discomfort and very severe contractions. Inform the doctor in case the pain is unbearable. Most of the time, a successful labor induction results in vaginal delivery. Don’t rely on myths. Just go along with the doctor's suggestions.

<ul><li>When the doctor administers medication or punctures the water to initiate labor, this process is referred to as inducing labor (also known as labor induction).</li><li>Only medical needs should justify inducing labor. The best course of action is to wait for labor to begin naturally if the pregnancy has been a healthy one.</li><li>Ask about delaying labor induction until at least 39 weeks if the doctor advises, so the baby has time to grow within the womb.</li><li>Never believe in myths without any medical research evidence.</li></ul>

[1] Can I. Induction of Labour.

[2] Wilkes E, Gamble J, Adam G, Creedy DK. Reforming maternity services in Australia: Outcomes of a private practice midwifery service. Midwifery. 2015;31(10):935–40.