Madeeha Syed

A Guide To A Basic At-Home Medical Emergency Kit

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Home Remedies For Mosquito Bites

Introduction

Bugs enjoy summer. They have more energy to disturb you and buzz around in warm weather. Most importantly, they become like small vampires that savor every drop of your blood, and in that quest also manage to spread diseases. Mosquito bites are more prevalent in either warm climates or during monsoon season.

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Also, a majority of the bites take place at dusk or dawn, as that&rsquo;s when mosquitoes are extremely active. Female mosquitoes are interested in blood, while male mosquitoes merely consume water and are harmless.

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Not all mosquito bites are harmful, though. Sometimes, the bite causes just a large, uncomfortable, or itchy lump on the skin from where they&rsquo;ve sucked the blood; it may not even be apparent for several hours. However, a lot of times the bites can lead to a more serious health issue. According to stats, every year, 700 million people are infected with mosquito-borne diseases, which also result in a million fatalities<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>.&nbsp;

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The majority of people are allergic to mosquito bites. Its symptoms are more than just bothersome for people with severe allergies; they can even be life-threatening.&nbsp; 
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<h5>Mosquito-Borne Diseases</h5>

Diseases transmitted by a mosquito bite are referred to as mosquito-borne diseases. The diseases that mosquitoes transmit to people include&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Zika Virus</li>
	<li>West Nile Virus</li>
	<li>Chikungunya Virus</li>
	<li><a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/dengue">Dengue</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/malaria">Malaria</a></li>
	<li>Encephalitis Virus&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Yellow Fever</li>
	<li>Skeeter Syndrome 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Understanding Home Remedies against Mosquito Bites

1.&nbsp;Wear protective clothing

2. Apply permethrin to clothing and accessories

3. Shut the doors and windows along with their screens

4. Use temperature controlling agents or AC

5. Sleep or relax with a bed net

6. Cover buckets or water storage units

7. Use generous amounts of repellents<a href="#accordion">[2]</a> 
&nbsp;

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has created a search tool that can assist individuals in choosing the right insect repellant based on several different factors. The registered insect repellents include the following active ingredients:

1. DEET (diethyltoluamide)&nbsp;

2. Picaridin&nbsp;

3. Lemon

4. 2-Undecanone

5. Citronella

6. Garlic

7. Neem

8. Essential oils 
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A mosquito bite&#39;s itching and discomfort might be alleviated with natural therapies. This article looks at potential at-home cures that could provide speedy relief.&nbsp; 
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<h5>1. Oatmeal</h5>

One of your favorite meals might also serve as a treatment for a pesky mosquito bite. No more itching, no more swelling, thanks to its skin-healing properties.&nbsp;

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Oatmeal Paste</li>
</ul>

Oatmeal and water should be combined in a bowl in equal parts to create a paste. Apply this paste to the inflamed skin, then cover it with the help of a clean piece of cloth, and leave it untouched for 10 minutes. After that, wash it with normal water.

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Oatmeal Bath</li>
</ul>

An oatmeal bath would probably be a more effective solution if you have multiple bites all over your body. Add 1 cup of oatmeal or ground oats to a bathtub filled with warm water. You might wish to wrap the oats up initially with a piece of muslin or another light fabric to prevent any plumbing issues. Imagine it as a large tea bag that you could just throw into the bathtub. Spend 20 minutes in the oatmeal water and you&rsquo;ll be amazed at how relaxed you feel. 
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<h5>2. Ice</h5>

Ice and cold temperatures help lessen inflammation. Additionally, the cold temporarily numbs the skin, providing you with some quick comfort. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) advises using an ice pack or a cold, moist towel to soothe mosquito bite irritation.&nbsp;

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Avoid putting ice directly on your skin because doing so could harm it. Instead, place the ice pack in a light towel or use a washcloth for ice cubes or crushed ice. Apply it for 5-10 minutes multiple times&nbsp; in a day to reduce itching. 
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<h5>3. Heat</h5>

Increasing the heat helps, too. Although no proof exists to support its efficacy, you can purchase a specialized instrument like BiteAway that provides direct, regulated heat to the bite. This is said to lessen edema and irritation. The procedure saves time since it only lasts a few seconds, but these gadgets are pricey.

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Heat Providing Tool</li>
</ul>

An alternative to expensive machines is to dip a clean cloth in water that feels as warm as you can bear, to achieve a comparable result (be careful not to burn yourself!). Then squeeze the water out and place the towel over the bite. Re-soak the material as often as necessary to maintain the desired temperature for up to 10 minutes. DO NOT use heat therapy in case of an open wound. 
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<h5>4. Honey</h5>

This delicious, sugary material is a natural remedy fan favorite. For centuries, honey has been the go-to remedy for medical issues like sore throats and dry skin because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Just ensure that the amount of honey you apply covers the bites and let it work its magic to reduce swelling. Also, the sticky mess you can make when you scratch honey-covered skin may lessen your desire to scratch. 
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<h5>5. Aloe Vera</h5>

Aloe vera gel has been demonstrated to promote healing and combat burns, especially sunburn. It might also work well in treating a bug bite. Cut a tiny portion of the plant and apply it to the affected area. If necessary, reapply after it dries. 
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<h5>6. Baking Soda</h5>

Baking soda can be found in almost every kitchen. It&rsquo;s famous for various tasks, including cleaning drains and baking bread, but it&rsquo;s equally capable of soothing a mosquito bite. A baking soda paste can be made quickly and used in a similar way to the oatmeal paste.&nbsp;

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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), combine 1 tablespoon baking soda with a small amount of water and mix it until it forms a paste. Then apply it to the affected area. Rinse after 10 minutes. However, if you experience any sensitivity, for example, redness, rashes, hives, breakouts, burning, and itching, then immediately rinse and do not use the baking soda mixture.&nbsp; 
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<h5>7. Basil</h5>

Did you know that the flavorful basil herb also doubles as a natural anti-mosquito-bite cure? The herb is utilized in herbal treatments for skin diseases, and the antioxidant content in basil leaves may help to lessen inflammation.

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Basil Solution</li>
</ul>

Simmer 2 cups of water, then add 1/2 ounce of dried basil leaves to produce a basil rub. Stir the mixture occasionally until it cools. Next, soak a clean cloth in the solution and gently press it onto the bites. Alternatively, you might finely cut some fresh basil leaves and apply them to your skin. Stop using this remedy if you feel irritation. 
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<h5>8. Vinegar&nbsp;</h5>

Apple cider vinegar has been utilized for generations as a natural treatment for various illnesses, varying from infections to issues with blood sugar. You can use a drop of vinegar to soothe itching bites and reduce blister spots. It can also be a natural disinfectant if you&#39;ve been itching too much.

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Vinegar Water Solution</li>
</ul>

Soak a clean towel in a mixture of cold water and vinegar, then put it onto the bite for relief. If there are numerous bites, you can prepare yourself a warm bath with 2 cups of vinegar and immerse in it for 20 minutes. Don&rsquo;t make it too hot as that will only exacerbate itching. Stop using this remedy if skin sensitivity develops. 
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<h5>9. Onion</h5>

Onions can not only make you cry, but they can also soothe mosquito bites. If applied to the bite, a newly sliced bulb can reduce the sting you feel and further prevent it from aggravating. Additionally, onions have antibacterial and antifungal qualities that help lower your risk of illness. No matter what variety of onion you use, cut a slice from it, leave it on the bite for a while, and then cleanse.&nbsp; 
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<h5>10. Thyme</h5>

The plant&#39;s little leaves are wonderful for various foods, including fish and potatoes. They might also be able to lessen a mosquito bite&#39;s itching. Thyme has long been used as a natural skin care solution. Its antibacterial characteristics mean it can help relieve pain and itching as well as reduce chances of any infection.&nbsp;

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<ul>
	<li>DIY Thyme&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Finely minced fresh thyme leaves provide the greatest benefit. Place them on your skin as soon as you feel a mosquito bite and leave them that way for 10 minutes.&nbsp;

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Additionally, you can create a concentrated drink by heating some water and adding a few thyme sprigs. Let the sprigs steep till the water cools down. After that, rub the thyme-infused water onto the bites using a washcloth. Keep the washcloth in place for a while. Wrapping an ice cube in a washcloth soaked in thyme makes for some extra relief and a cooling effect. 
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<h5>11. Peppermint oil</h5>

Another age-old natural cure for itching relief is peppermint oil. According to a 2016 study, this oil may be able to treat chronic itching brought on by illnesses, including diabetes and liver disease. So, in theory, it might also be effective for transient conditions, like an insect bite.

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One ounce of carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, should be mixed with a few drops of peppermint oil. Carefully rub a tiny quantity of this mixture onto the insect bite. For a calming soak, you may add several drops of peppermint oil to a bathtub filled with lukewarm water. You should never apply peppermint oil to your skin undiluted.

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When using essential oils, exercise caution because they sometimes have unanticipated side effects or interactions with medicines. Conduct thorough research, consult your doctor beforehand, and abide by all safety instructions. In fact, young children should not receive this treatment. 
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<h5>12. Lemon Balm</h5>

A lemon balm is a leafy plant with a strong resemblance to mint. Historically, it has been used as a calming, all-natural remedy for conditions ranging from stress to upset stomach. An earlier 1999 study discovered that a lotion with lemon balm extract helped persons with cold sores who were also experiencing other symptoms of irritation and discomfort<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.

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You can use freshly chopped lemon balm leaves to treat mosquito bites or purchase a lotion containing the herb Tannin. This is a natural astringent present in lemon balm. Lemon balm also includes polyphenols. These organic substances work as a unit to lower risk of infection, promote healing, and decrease inflammation. 
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<h5>13. Witch Hazel</h5>

Witch hazel ( a natural astringent) can be easily purchased&nbsp; in pharmacies and supermarkets. Similar to lemon balm, witch hazel contains tannins that, when applied topically, might lessen inflammation.

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Witch hazel by itself can be helpful for a wide range of skin irritations, from minor scrapes and cuts to hemorrhoids. Witch hazel cream can be used to reduce swelling, ease the stinging and itching the bite causes, and has the potential to speed up the healing process.

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A small amount of witch hazel applied with a cotton ball can be sufficient. Swipe or gently dab the cotton ball with witch hazel over the bite. Let it air dry and repeat as required. 
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<h5>14. Arnica</h5>

Another natural substance you may purchase to address minor skin issues is arnica. Although the herb is poisonous, it can be diluted and is available as drops, creams, and gels.

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Despite being a widely used home treatment, scientific research yields conflicting outcomes. However, many assert that arnica lessens bruising, discomfort, swelling, and inflammation when used topically. Rub or swipe a little amount of arnica lotion or gel with clean fingers on the bite. Do consult your physician or pharmacist for advice on selecting a high-quality arnica product. 
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<h5>15.&nbsp;Chamomile Tea</h5>

Chamomile, a flower from the daisy family, is considered a popular natural cure for many diseases and its oil is effective for reducing irritation and inflammation when applied topically. In a refrigerator, soak a tea bag containing the dried, chopped flowers in water for 30 minutes. Put the tea bag&#39;s excess liquid to your bite after squeezing it out. Give it 10 minutes to rest. With a moist piece of cloth, clean the spot. You can store the tea bag again in the refrigerator for future use.&nbsp;

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Although uncommon, some people may experience an adverse reaction to chamomile. 
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<h5>16. Garlic</h5>

Natural garlic treatments are well-known for everything from high blood pressure to heart disease. A simple home remedy for mosquitoes involves applying garlic to an itchy bug bite.&nbsp;

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Beware; applying chopped garlic directly to a skin wound or bite may result in burning or stinging. Instead, chop some fresh garlic finely and mix a tiny bit of it with some petroleum jelly or any odorless lotion. These creams and ointments will lower the potency of the garlic while allowing you to benefit from its inherent healing and antibacterial properties.

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Apply the mixture for 10 minutes and then wipe your skin clean. With a cool washcloth, dry the region. If the itching continues, repeat the process.&nbsp; 
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Conclusion

Of course, preventing being bitten completely is the greatest approach to getting rid of mosquito bite discomfort. Remember that all these insects are busier at night and in the evening. If you&#39;ve been bitten, use simple, inexpensive home treatments to immediately lessen swelling and itching. Avoid a home cure if you start experiencing irritation or other unpleasant effects.

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It&#39;s a good idea to visit a doctor if you know the specific countries you&#39;ll be visiting. Visiting a doctor is crucial when you&rsquo;re relocating or traveling through regions where bloodborne illnesses, like malaria and Zika, are prevalent. These illnesses can be passed from person to person by mosquitoes. For some of these illnesses, vaccinations are accessible. 
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Key Points

<ul><li>Mosquito bites are more prevalent in warm climates and after the monsoon season.</li><li>Female mosquitoes are interested in blood, but male mosquitoes are harmless.</li><li>All mosquito bites are not harmful, but some cause serious and life-threatening diseases.</li><li>Everyone should take precautions against mosquitoes.</li><li>Going to the doctor is not always necessary; instead, you can use home remedies to get immediate relief from the discomfort of a mosquito bite.</li></ul>

[1] Caraballo H, King K. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract. 2014 May;16(5):1–4.

[2] Fostini AC, Golpanian RS, Rosen JD, Xue R-D, Yosipovitch G. Beat the bite: pathophysiology and management of itch in mosquito bites. Itch [Internet]. 2019;4(1).

[3] Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine. 1999 Oct;6(4):225–30.

Neelam Asad

Overview

Minor accidents, injuries and ailments can afflict us anytime. We don&rsquo;t always need to rush to the emergency room as some of these afflictions are relatively minor and can be resolved using over-the-counter (OTC) medication. 

However, sometimes we may not be able to seek immediate medical help due to a variety of reasons &mdash; getting stuck in a lockdown, lack of transportation etc. This is why, having a well-equipped first-aid kit at your home or in your car is a great way to ensure you&rsquo;re always prepared for anything. 
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Home Medical Emergency Kit

Just make sure you keep it in a cool dry area and out of the reach of children. Also, regularly check all medication to ensure they haven&rsquo;t expired. Similarly, if you have any tools in there, regularly check whether they work fine or not. 

There are ready-made first-aid kits available but you may want to assemble your own based on your activities and needs. Keep a basic first-aid manual or instruction booklet with your first aid kit as well. Generally, a basic at-home kit should include bandages, cleaning supplies, OTC medications, prescription medication and basic medical tools. 
&nbsp;

The items to include in your first-aid include the following: &nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Plasters (make sure you have different sizes and shapes)</li>
	<li>Sterile gauze dressings (small, medium and large)</li>
	<li>Sterile eye dressings (at least two)</li>
	<li>Triangular bandages</li>
	<li>Cr&ecirc;pe rolled bandages</li>
	<li>Band aids (all shapes and sizes)</li>
	<li>Safety pins (for tying bandages together)</li>
	<li>Disposable sterile gloves</li>
	<li>Hand sanitiser</li>
	<li>Antibiotic ointment</li>
	<li>Antiseptic solution</li>
	<li>Eyewash solution</li>
	<li>Sterile saline for irrigation, flushing</li>
	<li>Distilled water for cleaning wounds</li>
	<li>Eye wash and eye bath</li>
	<li>Alcohol-free cleansing wipes</li>
	<li>Alcohol swabs</li>
	<li>Sticky tape</li>
	<li>Thermometer (preferably digital)</li>
	<li>BP monitor (preferably digital)</li>
	<li>Glucometer</li>
	<li>Pulse oximeter (especially essential since the COVID-19 pandemic)</li>
	<li>Scissors and tweezers</li>
	<li>Rubber tourniquet</li>
	<li>Aluminium finger splint</li>
	<li>Instant heat and cold packs (the ones you can activate by shaking)</li>
	<li>Cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs</li>
	<li>Petroleum jelly or other lubricant</li>
	<li>Plastic bags (assorted sizes)</li>
	<li>Surgical masks or KN95 mask</li>
	<li>Syringe, medicine cup or spoon</li>
	<li>Hydrogen peroxide to disinfect</li>
	<li>Skin rash cream, such as hydrocortisone or calendula</li>
	<li>Cream or spray to relieve insect bites and stings</li>
	<li>Painkillers such as paracetamol, infant paracetamol for children, aspirin (don&rsquo;t give to children under 16 years of age) or ibuprofen</li>
	<li>Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine</li>
	<li>Throat lozenges</li>
	<li>Cough or Cold medication</li>
	<li>Antacids</li>
	<li>Laxatives such as ispaghol</li>
	<li>Anti-diarrhoea medication</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Personal medications that don&rsquo;t need refrigeration. Make sure you have the dosage instructions noted down as well</li>
	<li>If you or a family member has diabetes, keep a juice box, glucose tablets and gels as well as an emergency glucagon injection kit</li>
	<li>Chewable baby aspirin might help someone who has coronary artery disease</li>
	<li>Auto-injector of epinephrine, if prescribed by your doctor</li>
</ul>

Emergency contacts for your general physician, ambulance service etc 
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Bottom Line

At the end of the day, it always pays off to be prepared and ready. If you have the time and resources, we suggest investing in learning some basic first-aid skills as well. These can include knowing how to apply bandages, taking care of small scrapes, pulling out splinters, how to set a splint, Heimlich manoeuvre, how to stop bleeding and performing basic Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). You can also add an instruction manual for these skills to your kit, just in case. We hope this information has helped you set up your home-based, first-aid kit. 
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