Madeeha Syed

Demystify intimate addiction and understand the compulsion. Meri Sehat provides insights into the complexities of intimate addiction.

Demystifying Sex Addiction: Understanding The Compulsion

This article or video has been vetted and verified by Meri Sehat’s specialists. It contains citations and research from validated sources.

How To Practice Safe Sex

Overview

We all think about it, talk about it, partake in it, see it everywhere but not always in the right ways. What makes sex pleasurable is not the next wildly creative idea but perhaps the most basic aspect of being made to feel safe. 
&nbsp;

Practice Safe Sex

Originally, the term was coined to indicate using contraceptive methods or devices in order to reduce the risk of transmitting diseases. It has now been expanded to include practices that prevent pregnancy as well. We call it safer sex or protected sex to highlight the fact that practicing these methods also doesn&rsquo;t completely eradicate the risks that come with this act.&nbsp; 
 
This term first came to light during the <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/hiv-61">HIV/AIDs</a> epidemic and is now a crucial part of sex education where the very real risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD or STI) is a major topic of discussion. Strategies for preventing STIs such as gonorrhea or syphilis had existed long before this too. Locally we don&rsquo;t have much formal education or discussion available on these topics. 
&nbsp;

Abstinence, monogamy, polyfidelity, low-risk sexual behavior, limiting the number of sexual partners, avoiding substances that lead to high-risk behavior, being aware of your partner&rsquo;s sexual history, phone sex/cyber-sex, non-penetrative sex are all valid and useful practices that lead to a reduction of risks associated with sex.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Other methods

Some other, more commonly used methods are:

STDs can be passed by exchanging sexual fluids and from skin-to-skin contact as well. This is why barrier methods are so effective. These include condoms, internal condoms (female condoms), dental dams for orals sex and latex or nitrile gloves.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Condoms: This is the most accessible and easy to use option. These are made out of latex. For those with latex allergies there are synthetic non-latex condoms available as well, although they are more prone to breakage. There are female condoms (internal condoms) as well which can be inserted into the vagina or anus to practice safe sex. These come in different styles (ribbed, ultra-thin etc) and flavors as well.&nbsp; 
	 
	It&rsquo;s important to remember that oil-based lubricants degrade the latex material and lead to breakage. This also happens with double gloving which causes friction and tears. Water based or silicone-based lubricants work much better with latex condoms. Remember using lube also makes sex safer as there are fewer chances of getting tears due to too much friction, for example, with anal sex. The effectivity of condoms is no more than 95 percent in preventing STI transmission.&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Birth Control Pills: Thee are of two types 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

1. Combined Oral Contraceptive (COCP): This has two hormones in it &mdash; oestrogen and progestin. These come in different formulations hence different doses can be prescribed according to personal needs and preferences. For instance, there are pills that give you your period every month as well as pills that can stop your period for 3 months on end. 
 
These work by suppressing ovulation, making the endometrium unsuitable for implantation and thickening cervical mucous which hinders sperm mobility. With typical use, COCPs can be 93-95 percent effective, while with perfect use they are up to 99 percent effective. By perfect use we mean taking it every single day at the exact same time. There is a margin of human error in this hence the lower numbers of effectivity as compared to other methods. 
 
Nausea, breast tenderness, mood swings, bloating, headaches, irregular bleeding are just some of the side effects one experiences on combined hormonal pill. If you still have severe side effects for three months in a row, it means that you need a dose adjustment, but feeling a little nauseous in the first couple months is completely normal. Some non-contraceptive benefits of this are reduced risk of uterine and ovarian cancer, helps manage PCOS, helps with acne and treats endometriosis-related pain, painful periods, menstrual migraines and PMS. 
&nbsp;

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. Progestin-only pill (POP): There are two kinds of progestin-only pills. One is Norethindrone, in which you take a pill pack that is continuous&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(28 days). And the other is Drospirenone, in which you get hormone free intervals (24 active tablets and 4 inactive tablets) 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;This works by two methods; it thickens cervical mucous which makes it harder for sperm to travel and stops ovulation. It&rsquo;s 92-95 percent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; effective with perfect use and you have to take it at the same time every single day. You get some protective effects such as decreased risk of&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uterine cancer. Some adverse effects include irregular bleeding, acne, moodiness, weight gain, and increase in follicular ovarian cysts. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Depo Provera Shot: This is another form of Progestin-only birth control in which you get injected every three months. Its effectiveness profile is 93-95 percent. You can get unscheduled bleeding with this that might last for more than seven days and is usually the reason why most people don&rsquo;t prefer it. It has a similar side effect profile as the progestin-only pill.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Nexplanon: This is a tiny (4cm) plastic rod that gets placed between your bicep and triceps muscles. It can stay in for three years and is another progestin-only form of birth control. The biggest reason people don&rsquo;t like it is unscheduled bleeding, along with all of the side effects normally associated with hormonal contraception.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Hormonal IUD: This also contains progestin and is an intra-uterine device which means it sits inside your uterus. The foreign body effect causes inflammation that is toxic to the sperm while the progestin performs its usual functions. These can be inserted from three to five and up to seven years and come in different doses as well. Its 99 percent effective, rapidly reversible, helps manage heavy painful periods, anaemia and endometriosis-related pain. With this form of IUD, you can either experience prolonged bleeding or your period may stop completely. There is some risk of spotting or unscheduled bleeding as well along with the usual hormonal effects. Device expulsion and IUD perforation (very rare, around 1 in 1,000) may happen.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Non-Hormonal IUD: Paragard IUD is another intra-uterine contraceptive method which can stay in for up to 10 years and contains no hormones. This may make your periods heavier and longer with worsened cramps but it has a 99 percent effectivity rate. The best part about this option is that you can pull it out anytime if it doesn&rsquo;t suit you.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Birth Control Ring: This can be inserted into the vagina and kept there for three weeks, once it is removed on week four you can get your period. It has the same benefits as the birth control pill except you don&rsquo;t have to remember taking it every single day. It&rsquo;s 93-96 percent effective and with perfect use, this goes up to 99 percent. Since it contains oestrogen and progestin, it works by similar mechanism as the COCP and has the same benefits and side effects. You might notice an increase in discharge or vaginal infections with this option but it&rsquo;s not very common.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Birth Control Patch: This falls in the same category as the pill and the ring and contains oestrogen and progestin. It works by similar method as the COCP and is 93-96 percent effective with typical use. Perfect use can raise this number up to 98 percent. It can help with painful periods as well as endometriosis related pain while also decreasing risk of endometrial cancer.</li>
</ul>

It&rsquo;s important to note that it can&rsquo;t be given to patients with a BMI of 30 or more and people with increased risk of blood clots since the amount of oestrogen your body is exposed to by this method is fairly high. Common side effects include irregular bleeding, nausea, moodiness, breast tenderness and skin irritation at the site of application.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Ensure safety

Some other ways you can ensure safety of both you and your partners:

Immunization

Making sure you are vaccinated against STIs such as HPV and Hepatitis B is of prime importance. These are more effective when done before the onset of sexual activity. The CDC recommends getting the HPV vaccine for all pre-teens (ages 11 or 12) and people below 26 years of age. It’s not recommended after 26 as most people have been exposed to the virus by then, however, for people 27-45 years of age you can consult your doctor and proceed according to their instructions.&nbsp;

Get tested

If you are someone who regularly engages in sexual activity, make sure you’re also getting regularly tested for STDs. This applies even if you are 100 percent safe every single time.

Dr. Safia Mehmood

Online Consultation

Iqra Mazhar

This article or video has been recorded by a subject / domain specialists with a proven track record of excellence in their area. 

Alcohol Addiction Treatment And Recovery

Introduction

Alcohol addiction is considered as a chronic mental health disorder of a relapsing nature. It is regarded as the third largest factor globally that contributes to loss of health and premature mortality (death)<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Alcohol addiction, more commonly known as alcohol use disorder, is a pattern of consuming alcohol to such great lengths that a person finds it difficult to quit despite facing problems associated with uncontrolled drinking.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

In alcohol use disorder, individuals consume more alcohol to get the desired effect because their body develops tolerance to the previous dose<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Alcohol addiction not only causes psychological issues, but it is also associated with emotional, social, financial, and physical challenges<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Many individuals do not realize the gravity of the situation and consider that alcohol addiction can be dealt through willpower. However, this is far from the truth because alcohol addiction is a brain disorder. Alcohol is a psychoactive substance and it alters the chemical environment in the brain, making it a real challenge for individuals who plan to quit without any assistance or guidance from a healthcare professional.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Alcohol use disorder is a state of psychological and physical dependence on alcohol and to such a great extent that individuals find it hard to function without it. These individuals experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop drinking alcohol<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Individuals who are dealing with alcohol addiction often have coexisting mental health issues. Their personal relationships crumble and suffer the most damage due to their addiction. Moreover, they struggle with financial problems. 
&nbsp;

Understanding Alcohol Addiction and Recovery

Alcohol use disorder can be classified into mild, moderate or severe based on how many of the following symptoms of alcohol addiction the individual experiences<a href="#accordion">[2][3]</a>:&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Not being able to control or limit the amount of alcohol they consume despite trying&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Trying to cut down on the amount of alcohol yet being unsuccessful with each attempt&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Continuing to drink despite dealing with the negative consequences associated with alcohol addiction&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Feeling irritable, restless, or cranky when supply of alcohol is ceased or when they are not drinking&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Experiencing withdrawal effects when they try to attempt quitting&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Frequently craving for alcohol</li>
	<li>Always being preoccupied with drinking, and recovering from alcohol</li>
	<li>Isolating themselves from friends and family for drinking&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Giving up on activities that earlier used to excite them&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Increase in absent days at work or school which drastically impacts the financial and academic spheres of their life&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Breaking relationships and social ties because of drinking&nbsp;&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Alcohol use disorder not only affects the individual who is involved in the addiction, it also takes a significant toll on the loved ones.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Anyone who has these symptoms is suffering from alcohol use disorder. However, the good news is that recovery is possible through different treatment options. A healthcare provider can provide a tailored treatment plan that consists of detoxification, medication, and training to prevent relapse.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Alcohol addiction is quite a frequent problem in the West. Globally, 1.4% of the population is estimated to have an alcohol use disorder<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. 
&nbsp;

However, a recent trend depicts a rise in alcohol consumption in Asia. In 2014, Asia had 30% of global alcohol sales making it one of the most rapidly growing alcohol markets. Moreover, there was an overall increase of 176% in alcohol sales from the year 2000 to 2019, highlighting the surge in alcohol consumption in this region<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

In Pakistan, the numbers are on the rise, too, and alcohol use disorder is becoming a growing problem. According to a study, there has been a 10% increase in alcohol-related diseases in the past 5 years. Another matter of concern is that the growing number of individuals admitted in the rehabilitation centers for treatment of alcohol addiction are as young as 14 years of age while previously individuals in rehabilitation were mostly in their 20s<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. 
&nbsp;

The only way to achieve recovery from alcohol addiction is to seek professional help for the alcohol use disorder. There is no denying that the road to recovery is not a smooth journey and it requires determination from the individual&rsquo;s end. With persistence and support from the healthcare provider, the individual will be able to achieve an addiction-free life.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Alcohol addiction treatment consist of brief intervention, counseling either in groups or separately, an outpatient program that can be started at home through outpatient clinics or an inpatient program at a rehabilitation center that involves a residential stay at an inpatient clinic receiving round-the-clock care while being under the supervision of a healthcare team.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

So, the alcohol addiction treatment comprises of the following: 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Brief Intervention&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

It is a short counseling session of 5-10 minutes that aims to discuss the individual&rsquo;s pattern of drinking. Individuals are briefed about the risks that are associated with their pattern of drinking and are given guidance on how to reduce alcohol intake to prevent complications from developing. Moreover, it addresses the emotional challenges that are linked with excessive alcohol intake. It also updates them about the support groups that they can become a part of, establishing a social network that further encourages quitting alcohol<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Another useful tip is to maintain a &#39;drinking diary&#39; in which they can record their daily alcohol intake. This will help the individuals stay mindful about their drinking routine and will also track their progress<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Detoxification&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

This is the process of body cleansing by completely eliminating alcohol from the individual&rsquo;s system. It is achieved through complete cessation of alcohol and withdrawal symptoms are then medically managed. The duration of detoxification usually takes 2-7 days on average. Sedative medications are often given to prevent episodes of withdrawal. As mentioned earlier, it can either be done in an outpatient or inpatient setting<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Medications</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Oral medications are given as part of the treatment plan to manage the cravings of alcohol. There would definitely be a strong urge to drink during the withdrawal phase.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Disulfiram is given to prevent individuals from drinking alcohol by mounting a physical reaction upon alcohol administration and this includes headaches, flushing, nausea, and vomiting.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Naltrexone is another drug that blocks the receptors in the body on which alcohol acts. Consequently, individuals do not experience the good feeling that is associated with drinking alcohol which decreases their alcohol intake. 
&nbsp;

Acomprosate is also an oral medication that suppresses or manages the alcohol cravings once the individual has quit drinking. 
&nbsp;

Vivitrol, similar to naltrexone, is an injectable medication that is administered once in a month. It is considered to be an effective option since people find it easier and treatment can be consistent because it doesn&#39;t require daily dosing<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Aftercare Programs&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Continued support is part of alcohol addiction treatment. It involves keeping in touch with patients after the treatment is over and helping them in managing relapses, if any, or challenges that they might be facing. It encourages patients to join support groups and practice lifestyle changes. Moreover, it also offers medical and psychological care whenever a patient needs it<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Psychological Treatment&nbsp;</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Many individuals dealing with alcohol addiction have profound mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. These individuals find it very difficult to address their concerns and struggles. Through talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) these individuals express the problems they are struggling with and oftentimes it helps in reaching the root cause of alcohol use disorder. Through psychological, behavioral, and talk therapies, these individuals learn strategies to cope with their stressors and help them to have an improved perspective of life. Additionally, it also treats the coexisting mental health disorders in these individuals<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>
	<h5>Support Groups</h5>
	</li>
</ul>

Individuals who are dealing with alcohol addiction greatly benefit from attending self-help groups, such as Alcohol Anonymous (AA). It helps them to connect with other people who share a similar journey. Moreover, it helps individuals to learn strategies to cope with challenges that follow alcohol addiction treatment plans.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Support groups help individuals to achieve long-term abstinence from alcohol and assists in recovery from alcohol use disorder<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Rehab is the process whereby an individual changes from being addicted and alcohol dependent to recovering and living a healthy and drug-free life. As painful and challenging as it might be, rehabilitation and treatment for alcohol addiction is the only way that can help one break free from the vicious cycle of addiction. 
&nbsp;

Since alcohol and other drug use disorders are on the rise in Pakistan, rehabilitation and addiction treatment centers are needed for the population affected with drug misuse disorders.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Some of rehabilitation centers available in Pakistan are<a href="#accordion">[9][10]</a>: 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Anti Narcotics Force (ANF) Hospitals - located in Islamabad, Karachi, Hyderabad, and Sukkur&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Nishan Foundation - located in Islamabad 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Conclusion

Alcohol addiction is quite a common drug misuse disorder. It makes the individuals enter a vicious cycle of drug abuse and many find it hard to break free from it. While many feel like there's no way out of their alcohol addiction, the truth is that recovery is possible through treatment and rehabilitation.&nbsp;

Key Points

<ul><li>Alcohol addiction is a drug misuse disorder in which individuals start consuming alcohol in excess despite dealing with the negative consequences that ensue with alcohol abuse.</li><li>Alcohol use disorder not only causes psychological and physical dependence, but also negatively affects all the spheres of an individual's life.</li><li>Alcohol addiction presents with a myriad of signs and symptoms that can help identify if someone is dealing with alcohol use disorder.</li><li>Treatment and rehabilitation are the cornerstone to recovery. It includes medications, detox, psychotherapy, and support groups.&nbsp;</li></ul>

[1] Ghazal P. The Growing Problem of Alcoholism in Pakistan:An overview of Current Situation and Treatment Options. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH (IJEHSR). 2015;3(3):15. doi:10.29052/ijehsr.v3.i3.2015.15-21

[2] Alcohol use disorder - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic.

[3] Alcohol Use Disorder: What It Is, Risks & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic.

[4] Tyler M. Alcohol Addiction: Signs, Complications, and Recovery. Healthline.

[5] Ritchie H, Roser M. Alcohol Consumption. Our World in Data.

[6] Jiang H, Xiang X, Hao W, Room R, Zhang X, Wang X. Measuring and preventing alcohol use and related harm among young people in Asian countries: a thematic review. Glob Health Res Policy. 2018;3(1). doi:10.1186/s41256-018-0070-2

[7] Alcohol misuse - Treatment. nhs.uk.

[8] Alcohol use disorder - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org.

[9] ANF :: MATRC. Anf.gov.pk.

[10] Best Rehab Centers in Pakistan of 2022 (with Pricing). Luxuryrehabs.com. Accessed September 16, 2022. https://luxuryrehabs.com/pakistan/. Published 2022.

Nawal Adnan

Humza Khizer

Every Cig You Light, Is A Fight Against Life

King James I of England is quoted to have said that, &ldquo;Smoking is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/lung-cancer-67" target="_blank">dangerous to the lungs</a>, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless.&rdquo;

&nbsp;

He didn&rsquo;t even need to be a healthcare practitioner to deduce the obvious horrific effects of smoking, yet generations later on have - and still are - under the impression that smoking is the best remedy to fix their problems regarding their social standing and issues in general.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Rather than seek professional help with the burning paper and carcinogens (any agent causing cancer), Generation Z are invested in popular alternatives to &ldquo;quit smoking&rdquo; e.g. <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/the-truth-behind-vaping">vaping and electronic cigarettes</a>; however, what needs to be understood is that it is still the same concept only with a delayed expiration date than the stereotypical cigarette.

&nbsp;

Smoking is the best example of the saying &ldquo;curiosity killed the cat&rdquo;. According to research, curiosity among the youth for cigarettes was 28.8% while it was 19.5% for cigars. Meanwhile, 9.7% of the young generation was curious about smokeless tobacco<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>.

<div>&nbsp;</div>

Understanding the Harmful Health Effects of Smoking

&quot;Smoking kills&rdquo; &ndash; a disclaimer we are accustomed to seeing with every ad, every drama, and every film we see; it&rsquo;s there even on a pack of cigarettes that we pick up.

&nbsp;

Smoking takes 7 million lives annually around the globe. A recent hypothesis suggests that if something is not done about the smoking habits that currently exist, this number will jump to 8 million a year by the year 2030<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

In the United States alone, cigarette smoking accounts for more than 480,000 deaths each year. This figure also includes approximately 41,000 deaths because of passive smoking (inhaling smoke because there&rsquo;s a smoker in your vicinity). This can be translated as 1 in 5 deaths per year. Statistics even show that a smoker&rsquo;s life duration is cut down by 10 years when compared to a non-smoker<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), female smokers are usually between 50 and 64&thinsp;years of age. In 2012, a survey showed that the total expenditure associated with tobacco use in Canada was estimated at $16 billion CDN<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>. The amount was a sum of the money used to cover the expenses of hospital visits as well as the financial loss associated with premature death and disability.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

In 2018, cigarette smoking cost the United States more than $600 billion, which included a total of $240 billion in hospital visits and $180 billion due to the lost productivity from smoking-related premature deaths<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>.

&nbsp;

However, people are now becoming aware about the vicious reality of smoking. Studies have been dedicated to the warriors who tried to quit their habit and succeeded to some extent. The results might not sound that great, but anything done in this regard should be considered an achievement.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

In a cross-sectional study carried out in lower- to middle-income countries, it was found that almost 19.1% of the Pakistani adult population are tobacco users, most of them being smokers.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

When the study focused on the factors that helped them quit, it was found that among 330 former smokers who were a part of the study, 50.3% were successful in quitting on their first attempt; 62.1% of those people, in fact, quit smoking &ldquo;cold turkey&rdquo;. Cold turkey essentially means sudden cessation.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Moreover, 10.9% of the population was seen to use a cessation aid, out of which 8.2% went for a nicotine replacement therapy.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The factors which motivated them to quit consisted of concerns for their own health (74.5%), family pressure (43%), and concern for family&rsquo;s health (14.8%). Other factors included social pressures such as peer-pressure (31.2%) and the phenomenon of social avoidance by non-smokers (22.7%). Interestingly, marriage was seen as a consistent smoking cessation factor<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<div>&nbsp;</div>

Several effective management plans that can be employed to combat this irresistible habit are listed below<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>:

&nbsp;

<h5>Behavioral Counseling Interventions</h5>

It is an interaction-based management plan to counsel the patient about smoking and its hazards. This counseling can be delivered by a physician, a nurse, cessation specialist. It can be a one-on-one session or the session can be conducted in a group setting. Moreover, in this digital age, counseling can be offered over the phone as well. However, it is necessary to seek help from a licensed healthcare practitioner only.

&nbsp;

<h5>Pharmacotherapy</h5>

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has currently allowed 3 pharmacological approaches to help you quit smoking:

<ul>
	<li>Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)</li>
	<li>Bupropion Hydrochloride Sustained-Release (SR)</li>
	<li>Varenicline</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

NRT is available in the market as short-acting and long-acting preparations, and studies show that using them in a combination is a better approach than using them singularly. While a transdermal nicotine patch is considered to be long-acting, nicotine gums and nasal sprays are short-acting.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Furthermore, studies show that varenicline is more effective than NRT and Bupropion Hydrochloride SR.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;

<h5>Combined Behavioral Counseling And Pharmacotherapy</h5>

This has, by far, been the best intervention to aid people in their battle. Research proves that using behavioral therapy along with pharmacological intervention yields the best results. More than 4 sessions capping up to 90 minutes helped a lot in enabling the attendees to move a step closer to the finish line.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

<div>&nbsp;</div>

<h4>"Quitting smoking is highly beneficial for your respiratory system. Head on over to the <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/page/sehat-scan/" target="_blank">sehat scan</a> and check your respiratory rate today!"</h4>

Because smoking has now become a big issue, not only for the person actively doing it, but also for those exposed to the smoke in their vicinity (essentially called passive smoking), a number of organizations have cropped up to help.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

There&rsquo;s at least one organization in every country around the world. The best part is a majority of these organizations are free so financial issues should not be a hindrance for smokers to seek help. For example, there is Quit for Life, Lung Helpline and Tobacco QuitLine and Smokefree.gov.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

You can also join support groups if that is what you are looking for. This includes Truth Initiative: Become an Ex and Nicotine Anonymous<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>.

&nbsp;

In Pakistan, a project called PANTHR (Pakistan Alliance for Nicotine and Tobacco Harm Reduction) works day and night to promote solutions for smoking cessation in Pakistan. PANTHR is a project of Alternative Research Initiative (ARI) and consists of 13 organizations actively working in the country<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>.

&nbsp;

According to the data presented by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 35.4% of 3&ndash;17-year-olds were exposed to tobacco smoke in the US during 2013-2016. To combat this an intervention called Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure (CEASE) was introduced with the sole purpose of preparing pediatric healthcare clinicians and staff members to equip them with the knowledge, skills, and resources that are needed to ask family members about their tobacco use and habits. Moreover, CEASE also provided brief counseling and medication assistance along with referring parents and caregivers to free cessation services.&nbsp;

<div>&nbsp;</div>

It won&rsquo;t be easy to quit. You will be restless, agitated, and will crave it. But so did Icarus. He was unable to find a balance and flew too close to the sun and lost his life. Similarly, every time you light a cigarette, you take one step closer to a fatally proven disease, including cancers and irreversible lung damage. If puffing out smoke was either cool or the solution to the hard stuff, silencers in a car would have been better than humans. It&rsquo;s time you decided who you want to be; a silencer or a human? 
&nbsp;

<ul><li>According to research, curiosity leads 28.8% of the youth to light their first cigarette while the same can be said for 19.5% of them going picking a cigar for the first time. Meanwhile, 9.7% of the young generation was curious about smokeless tobacco.&nbsp; </li><li>Smoking takes 7 million lives annually.</li><li>In the United States alone, cigarette smoking is said to cause more than 480,000 deaths annually.</li><li>Statistics even show that a smoker’s life duration is cut down by 10 years when compared to a non-smoker.</li><li>In 2012, a survey proved that the total expenditure associated with tobacco use in Canada was estimated at $16 billion CDN.</li><li>In 2018, cigarette smoking cost the United States more than $600 billion.</li><li>19.1% of the Pakistani adult population are tobacco users, with most of them being smokers.</li><li>50.3% were successful in quitting on their first attempt with 62.1% of those people quitting “cold turkey”</li><li>10.9% of the population was seen to use a cessation aid, 8.2% of which went for a nicotine replacement therapy.</li><li>The factors which motivated them to quit consisted of concerns for their own health (74.5%), family pressure (43%), and concern for family’s health (14.8%).</li><li>Being married has been shown to be a consistent smoking cessation factor.</li><li>FDA-approved methods to help people quit smoking include Behavioral Therapy, Pharmacotherapy and a combination of Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy.</li><li>Pharmacotherapy includes NRT, Varenicline and Bupropion Hydrochloride SR.</li><li>There are organizations to help, including Quit for Life, Tobacco Quit Line and Nicotine Anonymous.</li><li>In Pakistan, a project called PANTHR (Pakistan Alliance for Nicotine and Tobacco Harm Reduction) works day and night to promote solutions for smoking cessation in Pakistan. </li></ul>

[1] Portnoy, David & Wu, Charles & Tworek, Cindy & Chen, Jiping & Borek, Nicolette. (2014). Youth Curiosity About Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 47. S76–S86. 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.012.

[2] Fast facts and fact sheets. Smoking and Cigarettes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

[3] Hersi, M., Traversy, G., Thombs, B.D. et al. Effectiveness of stop smoking interventions among adults: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and an updated systematic review. Syst Rev 8, 28 (2019).

[4] US Preventive Services Task Force. Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;325(3):265–279. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.25019

[5] Resources to help you quit smoking. Cancer Net.

[6] Pakistan Alliance for nicotine and tobacco harm reduction (PANTHR). Tobacco Tactics.

Arbaz Ansari

Digital Detox: Should You Quit Or Lower Your Dose?

Be it your fav celebrity&rsquo;s marriage, divorce or just a random blogger&rsquo;s gossip on Instagram, admit it, we are all hooked and the juiciest content is often the most toxic too. Most of us can scroll on social media endlessly. Raccoon memes and sad boi reels have become my entire personality. However, a little self-reflection has also made me wonder if I am shaping myself according to the content I am seeing. We are very used to negative humor and our need to relate to it.

All of us are in a <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/signs-that-you-are-toxic-and-how-to-fix-it">toxic </a>relationship with the digital world. The constant bursts of dopamine has left us feeling empty or numb when we do not have our devices in hand. 
&nbsp;

social media addiction

In today&#39;s era, the blend of digital and real has become so seamless that it&#39;s hard to decipher where one ends and the other begins. As our reliance on digital platforms burgeons, the question that looms large is: Do we need a digital detox? Let&rsquo;s navigate through the maze of digital consumption and understand its implications on our psyche. 
&nbsp;

The Pervasiveness Of Digital Consumption: The reach and depth of digital media in our lives is staggering. According to a Common Sense Media report from 2019, US teenagers are glued to screens for more than 7 hours daily, barring academic activities. The figure is similar for adults, who clock around 6 hours. 
&nbsp;

The Neurological Web: Why We Can&#39;t Let Go: The allure of digital platforms is deeply rooted in neuroscience. Notifications, messages, and social media interactions induce dopamine release, a neurotransmitter driving pleasure sensations. In a 2016 study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology,&nbsp; it was found that this cycle of dopamine release fosters addictive patterns, causing an incessant need for digital engagement. 
&nbsp;

<h5>Consequences Of Digital Excess: Recognizing The Signs</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Attention Fragmentation: Persistent digital interruptions create an environment where maintaining focus becomes arduous.</li>
	<li>Cognitive Overload &amp; Fatigue: Prolonged screen time leads to not only eye strain but cognitive weariness, diminishing our processing capabilities.</li>
	<li>Sleep Disturbances: Prolonged screen exposures, especially before bedtime, interfere with melatonin secretion, disrupting sleep cycles.</li>
	<li>Erosion Of Social Fabric: A paradoxical outcome of digital immersion is social disconnection, leading to elevated feelings of isolation. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h5>Digital Detox: The Great Debate - Quit Or Reduce?</h5>

<ul>
	<li>The Cold Turkey Approach: Completely cutting off can work wonders for a few but can be jarring for many. Disconnection can induce symptoms akin to withdrawal in several individuals, as delineated in a study by University of Maryland.</li>
	<li>Gradual Reduction: A more feasible approach for a majority, this involves steadily decreasing screen time. It aids in recalibrating the brain&rsquo;s reward mechanisms without triggering distress. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h5>Strategies Rooted In Research</h5>

<ol>
	<li>Periodic Disengagement: According to a 2011 study published in Opthalmic and Physiological Optics the 20-20-20 rule is effective in mitigating eye strain: every 20 minutes, focus on something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. 
	 
	Here&rsquo;s how you can master it:</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Identify Your Work Cycles: Start by identifying your periods of focused work. These should ideally last around 20 minutes. Use a timer or a dedicated app to track time.</li>
	<li>Set Up Reminders: Create periodic reminders on your computer or phone to alert you every 20 minutes. You can use apps like &quot;Time Out&quot; for Mac or &quot;Eye Care 20 20 20&quot; for Windows.</li>
	<li>Choose A&nbsp;Distant Object: Identify an object or point at least 20 feet away from you that you can focus on when your timer goes off. Make sure it&#39;s something that won&#39;t strain your eyes further.</li>
	<li>Engage In The 20-20-20 Rule: Once the timer or reminder alerts you, shift your focus from your screen to the object you selected. Focus on this object for 20 seconds.</li>
	<li>Blink And Breathe: While focusing on the distant object, make a conscious effort to blink. This can help refresh the eye&rsquo;s tear film. Take deep breaths to help relax your overall body and return your focus to work.</li>
	<li>Return To Work: After completing your 20-second break, you can return your focus to your screen and resume your tasks. Reset your timer for another 20 minutes.</li>
	<li>Make It A&nbsp;Habit: Consistency is key for the 20-20-20 rule to be effective. Make it a regular practice to integrate these steps into your daily routine.</li>
	<li>Monitor Results And Adjust: Take note of how your eyes feel after implementing this rule for several days. If you find relief from eye strain, continue with the practice. Otherwise, consider consulting an eye care professional for personalized advice. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ol start="2">
	<li>Embrace Night Mode: Modern gadgets offer &ldquo;night mode&rdquo; options, curbing blue light emission during evenings, a prime contributor to disrupted sleep. Here&rsquo;s how you can activate it:</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Identify the screens you use in the evening (phone, tablet, computer).</li>
	<li>Go to display settings on each device.</li>
	<li>Turn on &quot;Night Mode&quot; or a similar option that reduces blue light.</li>
	<li>Automate the feature to activate during your typical evening hours.</li>
	<li>Use your device in the evening and adjust settings if needed for comfort.</li>
	<li>Track any improvements in sleep quality over a week.</li>
	<li>Consistently use &quot;Night Mode&quot; to help improve sleep quality. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ol start="3">
	<li>Demarcate Tech-Free Sanctuaries: Areas like bedrooms or dining spaces can be earmarked as zones free from digital interference. Achieve it successfully by following these steps:</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Choose areas like bedrooms or dining spaces for tech-free sanctuaries.</li>
	<li>Remove gadgets from these spaces</li>
	<li>Inform family members about the tech-free zones.</li>
	<li>Place books or board games as alternative entertainment.</li>
	<li>Stick to the no-tech rule, especially during mealtimes or bedtime.</li>
	<li>Tweak the sanctuary boundaries or rules based on observations. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ol start="4">
	<li>Intentional Digital Consumption: Prioritize meaningful digital interactions. It&#39;s crucial to differentiate between mindless scrolling and purposeful usage. Here&rsquo;s how you can do it:</li>
</ol>

<ul>
	<li>Identify your essential digital activities, such as work emails, research, or connecting with family.</li>
	<li>Implement time restrictions on non-essential apps or websites.</li>
	<li>Use prompts to remind you of your time limits or purpose when using devices.</li>
	<li>Place essential apps on your home screen for easy access and non-essential ones in folders.</li>
	<li>Turn off notifications for non-essential apps to minimize distractions.</li>
	<li>Have a purpose each time you unlock your device; be it learning, communication, or productivity.</li>
	<li>End your day by reviewing digital activities to ensure alignment with your priorities.</li>
	<li>Based on the review, adjust your settings or self-imposed rules to better meet your goals for intentional digital consumption. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Bottom Line

A blanket cessation of digital devices is perhaps impractical for the majority. However, an informed, measured approach towards digital consumption can be the key to harnessing its benefits while safeguarding our mental well-being.

Umna Salah

Medilink Consultant clinic

ZAKA CLINIC GULBERG LAHORE

Saad Ullah Siddiqui

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The Dark Side Of Social Media

Disclaimer: This article mentions self-harm, suicide, eating disorders, and harassment.

Social media&#39;s rise and unprecedented popularity are perceived as a reflection of futuristic forms of social interactions and virtual connections.

Social media has constructed a trailblazing path for the digital world. Most of the studies center around the promising results of social media and, therefore, encouraging the development of such technological advancement. Social media&#39;s rise and unprecedented popularity are perceived as a reflection of futuristic forms of social interactions and virtual connections.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

However, it is gradually becoming clear that social media endangers the sheer fabric of society by influencing people, networks, firms, and all social institutions. What was alluded to as the inception of a new era has manifolded opportunities for sinister purposes and counterintuitive activities, such as cyberbullying, social media addiction, harassment, the spread of misinformation, a lack of privacy, and the exchange of illicit substances<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. 
&nbsp;

This article discusses the multidimensionality of what is termed the dark side of social media and depict the various unfortunate results of its rampant consumption by society.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Understanding The Dangers of Social Media

Research has suggested that people feel compelled to participate and leave a digital footprint in the virtual world. The addiction to social media apps is not an exaggerated notion. It is rather the realistic and enthralling effect of two chemicals abundantly released when an individual interacts on social media platforms. These two chemicals are: 
&nbsp;

<h5>a) Dopamine</h5>

For a long time, scientists were under the impression that <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/dopamine-detox-how-to-fix-your-screen-addiction">dopamine</a> exclusively functioned to encourage pleasure and feelings of delight in the brain. However, recent research delves further into the complex and multifaceted biomechanism of the chemical.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Dopamine boosts individuals to not settle for monotony, and continuously search and seek for what they truly desire. The chemical is invigorated by capriciousness, elusive and vague information, and remuneration signals. Essentially, these are all the specific states of social media that create mystery and curiosity<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
&nbsp;

The previously cryptic chemical has such a magnetic pull and irresistible charm that it is comparable to alcohol and drugs. Studies aiming to gauge the effect of dopamine have revealed that tweeting appears to have a stronger and more enthusiastic effect on individuals, making it more difficult to quit than cigarettes or liquor<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
&nbsp;

<h5>b) Oxytocin&nbsp;</h5>

Another chemical that influences social media use is oxytocin, a chemical commonly linked to expressions of love. But what is more peculiar is how the same chemical has an increased flow when a person tweets or posts or shares virtual content on social media. Just 10 minutes of social media use can cause a 13% rise in oxytocin levels, a spike that was normally seen in individuals on their wedding day<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Moreover, the benefits of oxytocin such as trust, feelings of affection, decreased stress, and generosity are all also associated with web-based entertainment. Subsequently, social media users have demonstrated to be more trusting than the typical internet client. The average Facebook user is 43% more probable than other internet clients to feel that the vast majority can be relied upon<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
&nbsp;

Along with the unprecedented surplus of mood boosters such as dopamine and oxytocin, social networking and the facade of an internet presence promote feelings of elation. They also disrupt a person&#39;s restraint to avoid such content daily.

&nbsp;

Addiction, regardless of the guilty substance, always has a negative connotation; an excess of anything has never done anyone any good. Similarly, the addictive nature of social media has inculcated pseudo values, norms, and ethics that are validated through social media. This can be aptly visualized through the skewed reward system. 
&nbsp;

Social media platforms have presented a myriad of functions and features through which the wider public can share their opinions and thoughts. Whenever an individual posts a photo or shares an article that aligns with their political stance, they continuously glance over their phones to revel in the stream of notifications. The increasing number of interactions - likes, reactions, comments - reverberating with the sound of the notifications creates the same sentiment a gambler experiences when successful at the slot machine, or a chain smoker when they puff their cigarette. They are relieved and exhilarated to know that the majority of their followers (mostly close friends and family members) endorse their thoughts and opinions, praise their pictures, or commend their eloquence and activism on a social issue.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Even though social media is championed for creating innovative ways to battle dejection, promote social interactions, and decrease solitude, studies indicate that the opposite may actually be true. By normalizing the counterproductive culture of comparison, research suggests that the exponential endemic of social media platforms after 2010 has resulted in more cases of mental health disorders and internalized problems<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>.

&nbsp;

<h4>"Is social media adding to your anxiety? Try out the <a href="https://www.merisehat.pk/page/sehat-scan/" target="_blank">sehat scan</a> and check your stress level today!" </h4>

Researchers often refer to people who were born after 1995 as iGen due to their heavy dependence on social media. As a result of the increased time spent on new media screen activities, iGen adolescents have a higher incidence of panic attacks, prolonged depressive episodes, irregular meal patterns due to underlying eating disorders, and lingering and intrusive thoughts of self-harm and suicide<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Whenever people stumble on perfectly curated photos of celebrities, social media influencers, and people surrounded by fame, they are more likely to question their satisfaction with life and compare their average lives with sponsored ones. Breathtaking vacation posts can further affect a person&rsquo;s self-esteem as people begin comparing their corporate cubicles to hotel rooms, cafeteria lunches to massive spreads in restaurants, and crowded modes of commute to private jets. When users are repeatedly supplied with such extravagant and unrealistic life expectations, they become more conscious. This can result in corresponding coping mechanisms. They might start mimicking the celebrities in the way they talk, dress, and even eat. As per studies, many people end up splurging their paychecks at the same clothing boutiques as their favorite celebrities<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. Repetitive comparisons tend to cause more drastic decisions.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Photoshopped images on social media platforms have stemmed self-image and bodily insecurities in countless individuals, especially younger girls and women. Disappointment with body weight or shape is essentially the predominant factor that encourages modified eating behaviors among teenagers and young adults. There is substantial proof featuring a directly proportional relationship between excessive social media use and the recurrence of dietary problems<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>. Moreover, individuals end up subscribing to fad diets and unhealthy weight loss programs to achieve the unrealistic beauty standards set by computed filters, photoshop editors, and social media applications.

&nbsp;

There exists another class of social media users - those who do not compare their lives with that portrayed on the internet; rather, they choose to spew hate online. In the last decade, there has been a surge of targeted crimes and hate-motivated attacks on sectarian groups, ethnic minorities, the trans community, and anybody that is not categorized as &lsquo;normal&rsquo;. Thus, raising concerns about the association between hate speech online and targeted attacks, as well as the role of companies and governments in policing the online discourse<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>. According to research analysts, the patterns in hate crimes across the world point to a shift in the political environment, and social media can further amplify this friction<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Moreover, hateful exchanges online have given rise to cyberbullying, racism, sexism, and at the most extreme, physical acts of violence.&nbsp; The accessibility of social media has allowed us to catalyze hate and dissent, spread vitriol, and galvanize people toward common objectives. People or keyboard netizens from the comfort of their homes, can insult, abuse, and even threaten foes and rivals, and remain masked. Social media has further perpetuated predatory behaviors such as stalking and hacking<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>. Moreover, social media has, in effect, achieved what it hoped to - it allows people to lead a solitary life and yet be &#39;social&#39; with other virtual users. However, it has done so at the cost of compassion and human decency.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The herd mentality has grouped individuals and aggravated situations where people would be hesitant if they were alone. Trends are quickly adopted because of the lingering fear of missing out (FOMO). Furthermore, people are quick to form an opinion as they are afraid to be ostracized for choosing the wrong side<a href="#accordion">[8].</a> This is perhaps why it is necessary to evaluate the existing guidelines, censorship, and rules of conduct of most social media applications.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Engineers and software developers work tediously with a product team to build and invent a forum, platform, or application.&nbsp;These social media apps are created to grasp a user's attention and provide them with enough incentive to stay hooked on their web application.&nbsp;This strategy works, and assists companies to seal deals, monetize through advertisements, and bring money in as many versatile ways as they can.&nbsp;However, similar to a gambling problem, or substance addiction, consumption of social media can cause mental health concerns and influence psychological desires.

[1] Baccarella, C., Wagner, T. F., Kietzmann, J., & McCarthy, I. P. (2018). Social media? It's serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. European Management Journal, 36(4), 431-438.

[2] Seiter, C. (2016, August 10). The Psychology of Social Media: Why We Like, Comment, and Share Online. Retrieved from Buffer:

[3] Penenberg, A. L. (2010, July 1). Social Networking Affects Brains Like Falling in Love. Retrieved from Fast Company:

[4] Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. N. (2018). Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(1), 3-17.

[5] Newbert, J. (2020). Celebrity Impact on Fashion Brand Choice Using Social Media. University of South Carolina, Scholar Commons, 66.

[6] Dutta, S. S. (2022, March 28). Eating Disorders and Social Media. Retrieved from News Medical:

[7] Laub, Z. (2019, June 7). Hate Speech on Social Media: Global Comparisons. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations:

[8] Dalomba, F. (2022, March 1). Pros and Cons of Social Media. Retrieved from Lifespan

Zarlish Kazmi

Breaking Free: How To Recover From Porn Addiction

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/how-porn-addiction-affects-your-social-interactions-relationships-and-libido">Porn addiction</a>, like any other addiction, can be a challenging and isolating struggle. However, it&#39;s important to know that recovery is possible, and there are effective strategies and support systems available to help individuals break free from the grip of addiction. In this article, we will outline a step-by-step approach to recovering from porn addiction. 
&nbsp;

Recovery Tips from Porn Addiction

1. Acknowledging The Problem: The first and most crucial step in overcoming porn addiction is acknowledging that there is a problem. This self-awareness is the foundation upon which the recovery process is built. 
&nbsp;

2. Seek Professional Help: Recovery from porn addiction often requires professional guidance. A therapist or counselor with expertise in addiction can provide valuable insights, support, and tools to help individuals on their journey to recovery. 
&nbsp;

3. Develop A Support System: Building a strong support system is essential. Share your struggle with trusted friends or family members who can offer emotional support and hold you accountable. 
&nbsp;

4. Identify Triggers: Understanding the triggers that lead to pornography use is crucial. These triggers can be stress, boredom, loneliness, or specific emotional states. Identifying them allows you to develop healthier coping mechanisms. 
&nbsp;

5. Create A Recovery Plan: Work with a therapist or counselor to create a personalized recovery plan. This plan may include setting boundaries, tracking progress, and establishing a routine that promotes positive habits. 
&nbsp;

6. Establish Healthy Habits: Replacing addictive behaviors with healthy ones is key to recovery. Engage in physical activity, pursue hobbies, and focus on self-improvement to fill the void left by pornography. 
&nbsp;

7. Mindfulness And Meditation: Practicing mindfulness and meditation techniques can help individuals become more aware of their thoughts and feelings, enabling them to manage cravings and stay committed to recovery. 
&nbsp;

8. Use Technology Wisely: In the digital age, managing technology usage is vital. Employ content filters, website blockers, and accountability software to create a safer online environment. 
&nbsp;

9. Join Support Groups: Participating in support groups, either in person or online, can provide a sense of community and shared experience. It can also be a source of encouragement during challenging times. 
&nbsp;

10. Celebrate Milestones: Recovery is a journey, and it&#39;s important to celebrate milestones and successes along the way. Recognize your progress and use it as motivation to stay committed to your recovery goals. 
&nbsp;

11. Be Patient And Persistent: Recovering from porn addiction is not linear. There may be setbacks and relapses, but these should be viewed as opportunities to learn and grow. Be patient with yourself and remain persistent in your efforts. 
&nbsp;

12. Seek Professional Accountability: Consider working with a therapist or counselor who specializes in addiction to hold you accountable and provide ongoing support throughout your recovery journey. 
&nbsp;

Recovering from porn addiction is a challenging but entirely achievable goal. By acknowledging the problem, seeking professional help, and building a strong support system, individuals can break free from the chains of addiction and embark on a journey towards a healthier, more fulfilling life. Remember that recovery is a process, and with commitment and determination, you can reclaim your life and build a brighter future.

Rukhsana Rizwan

Unveiling The Impact: How Growing Up With 'Shame' Affects Your Sex Life

The emotional landscape of our early years has a profound impact on our adult lives, particularly when it comes to our sexuality. Growing up with a sense of shame can cast a long shadow over one&#39;s sexual experiences and relationships. In this article, we delve into the intricate ways in which childhood shame affects your sex life. 
&nbsp;

Shame Affects On Sex Life

<ul>
	<li>Understanding Childhood Shame: Childhood <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/shame-the-most-toxic-emotion">shame</a> often arises from various sources, such as strict upbringing, cultural norms, or traumatic experiences. It can manifest as feelings of unworthiness, guilt, or embarrassment. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Impact Of Caregiver Attitudes: The attitudes and behaviors of caregivers can significantly influence a child&#39;s sense of shame. Parents who exhibit judgment, criticism, or withholding of affection may inadvertently contribute to the development of shame. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Lack Of Education: In many cultures, open and comprehensive sexual education is still lacking. The absence of age-appropriate information can lead to confusion, misinformation, and a sense of shame about one&#39;s body and desires. 
&nbsp;

Religious And Cultural Beliefs: Religious or cultural teachings that label certain sexual behaviors as sinful or immoral can foster feelings of shame around one&#39;s natural desires. 
&nbsp;

Negative Body Image: Childhood shame can lead to negative body image issues, making individuals feel self-conscious about their appearance, particularly in intimate settings. 
&nbsp;

Sexual Dysfunctions: Shame-related body image issues can contribute to sexual dysfunctions, such as erectile dysfunction or difficulty achieving orgasm, due to heightened anxiety and self-criticism. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Fear Of Vulnerability: Shame can instill a fear of vulnerability in intimate relationships, making individuals hesitant to open up emotionally or express their desires and needs. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Inhibition And Avoidance: Those burdened by shame may avoid sexual encounters altogether or engage in sexual activities with a sense of detachment or emotional distance. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Substance Abuse And Risky Sexual Behavior: Some individuals may resort to substance abuse or engage in risky sexual behaviors as a way to cope with their shame and numb their emotions. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Promiscuity Or Avoidance: Shame can lead to polarized behaviors, with some individuals becoming promiscuous to seek validation and others avoiding sexual encounters altogether. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Therapy And Counseling: Seeking therapy or counseling can be a powerful step towards healing from childhood shame. Professional guidance can help individuals identify and address the root causes of their shame. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Self-Acceptance And Self-Compassion: Cultivating self-acceptance and self-compassion is essential. Learning to embrace one&#39;s sexuality without judgment or shame is a transformative journey. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Open Communication: Healthy relationships are built on open and honest communication. Learning to express desires, boundaries, and concerns with a partner can create a safe and supportive environment. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Mindful Intimacy: Practicing mindful intimacy, where partners focus on the present moment and emotional connection, can help individuals overcome the barriers created by childhood shame. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Childhood shame can cast a long shadow over one&#39;s sex life, but it&#39;s important to remember that healing and transformation are possible. By addressing the root causes of shame, seeking professional help when needed, and cultivating self-acceptance, individuals can unshackle themselves from the chains of shame and build healthier, more fulfilling sexual lives and relationships.

Embracing Sex Positivity: What It Truly Means

Sex positivity is a powerful and transformative concept that has gained momentum in recent years. It encourages individuals to celebrate their sexual identities, desires, and experiences without shame or judgment. In this article, we&#39;ll delve into the meaning of sex positivity, its relevance in today&#39;s society, and how it can contribute to a more liberated and fulfilling sexual life. 
&nbsp;

Embracing Sex Positivity

<ul>
	<li>Breaking Free From Taboos: Sex positivity is about challenging societal taboos and stigmas surrounding sexuality. It emphasizes that there is no inherently &quot;right&quot; or &quot;wrong&quot; way to express one&#39;s sexuality, as long as it is consensual and respectful. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Embracing Diversity: It celebrates the diversity of sexual orientations, genders, and preferences. Sex positivity recognizes that every individual&#39;s experience is unique, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach to sexuality. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Consent And Respect: A core tenet of sex positivity is enthusiastic and informed consent. It emphasizes that all sexual activities should be consensual, free from coercion, and based on mutual respect and communication. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Empowerment And Self-Acceptance: Embracing sex positivity can empower individuals to accept and love themselves for who they are, including their sexual desires and preferences. It encourages a positive self-image and fosters self-confidence. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Fostering Healthy Relationships: Sex-positive attitudes can improve communication and intimacy in relationships. It promotes open and honest discussions about desires and boundaries, leading to more fulfilling and satisfying connections. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Reducing Shame And Guilt: Many people carry<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/the-shame-that-men-carry"> shame </a>and guilt surrounding their sexual experiences. Sex positivity aims to eradicate these negative feelings, allowing individuals to explore their desires free from emotional baggage. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Not About Promiscuity: Contrary to some misconceptions, sex positivity is not an endorsement of promiscuity. It&#39;s about making informed choices, respecting boundaries, and embracing consensual sexual experiences. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Not Anti-Abstinence: Sex positivity doesn&#39;t negate the choice of abstinence or celibacy. It acknowledges that different individuals have different needs and desires, and all choices should be respected. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Education And Awareness: Educate yourself about sexuality, consent, and communication. Knowledge is a powerful tool in fostering a healthy and positive relationship with your own sexuality. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Open Communication: Practice open and honest communication with your partners about desires, boundaries, and expectations. This can lead to more fulfilling and satisfying sexual experiences. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Challenge Stereotypes: Be mindful of societal stereotypes and stigmas about sex. Challenge them when you encounter them, and promote a more inclusive and accepting attitude towards sexuality. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Sex positivity is not just a trendy concept; it&#39;s a philosophy that can empower individuals to embrace their authentic selves and create healthier, more fulfilling sexual lives. By breaking free from taboos, celebrating diversity, and promoting consent and respect, we can create a more open and accepting society where everyone feels free to explore their own unique sexual journey without fear or shame. Embrace sex positivity, and discover the liberation it can bring to your life.

Why You Should Go To A Sex Therapist

They say you should never judge a book by its cover. But can we judge a profession by its title? Maybe, but we also need to understand that there is more than what meets the eye and aspects that go beyond the what the title indicates.

Sex therapy is one of the most misunderstood professions out there. There is a stigma with it that it is only for those people or couples who have psychological trouble related to intercourse. If you think about it, that seems too simple and basic to be turned into a complete profession. 

So, what is it that sex therapists really do? Read on to find out. 
&nbsp;

Sex Therapist

A sex therapist is a mental health professional who specialises in the treatment of sexual issues and concerns. These professionals typically have advanced training and education in human sexuality and may hold a degree in <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/a-guide-to-couples-counselling-what-is-it-and-when-should-you-seek-help">counselling</a>, psychology, social work, or a related field. They may also be certified or licensed by a professional organisation. 
&nbsp;

Sex therapists use a variety of therapeutic techniques, such as talk therapy, behavioural therapy, and education about human sexuality, to help clients overcome sexual difficulties and improve their sexual well-being. They may also provide clients with tools and techniques to improve their sexual function, underlying behaviour that is subconsciously related to sex and may even improve your relationship with your partner.

It&rsquo;s important to note that sex therapists are different from sexologists, who are researchers and academics who study human sexuality and from sex workers, who provide sexual services to clients. 
&nbsp;

Sex therapy is very similar to couples&rsquo; therapy except for it offers a lot more value than that. Much like couples&rsquo; counselling, sex therapy addresses the underlying issues in your relationship and allows you to develop healthier behavioural outcomes based on that. 
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In simple words, sex therapy is an amalgam of your usual therapy, couples&rsquo; therapy with an added bonus of sex-related counselling to. The target is to find the underlying psychological connections between your behaviour and its impact on your partner and how it translates into your daily life functioning as well as into your sex life and love life. 
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To become a sex therapist, you typically need to have a master&rsquo;s or doctoral degree in counselling, psychology, social work or a related field. Some sex therapists also hold a degree in nursing, medicine or other healthcare-related fields. 
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In addition to formal education, most sex therapists complete supervised clinical training. This includes working with clients under the supervision of a licensed therapist or counsellor. They also need to complete a certain amount of continuing education hours to maintain their license.

To become a licensed sex therapist, you typically must pass a certification exam from a professional organisation, such as the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counsellors and Therapists (AASECT) or the International Society for the Study of Women&rsquo;s Sexual Health (ISSWSH). 
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It is also important for sex therapists to have good communication skills, empathy, and an understanding of human sexuality. They should also be comfortable discussing sensitive topics and have a non-judgmental attitude.

It&rsquo;s worth noting that requirements for licensure and certification vary by state and country, so it&#39;s important to check with your local regulatory boards for specific requirements. 
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How Sexual Intimacy With Their Partner Keeps Women Young

Staying intimate with your partner even later in life has many health benefits. Scientists have long-observed that married women have a much later age of natural <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/menopause">menopause</a> than single or divorced women, but there was no known reason why. 

One of the hypotheses was that sexual frequency behaved as a bio-behavioural mediator between delayed menopause and marital status. Studies have shown that married people engage in intercourse more frequently than those who are not. 
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menopause and marital status

Regular Sex Delays Menopause: According to a study published in the Royal Society Open Science, researchers tracked the sex lives nearly 3,000 American women for a decade, starting when they were, at average, around 45 years of age. What they found was that those women who engaged in less sex were more likely to reach menopause at an earlier age. 

More specifically, those who engaged in sexual activity on a weekly basis were 28 percent less likely to experience menopause compared with those who engaged in sexual activity less than on a monthly basis. Those that engaged in sexual activity on a monthly basis were 19 percent less likely to experience menopause than those who engaged in sexual activity less than on a monthly basis. 

Please note that researchers defined sexual activity as intercourse, touching, oral sex and self-stimulation. 
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Use It Or Lose It: This is because women&rsquo;s bodies may be reacting to less sexual activity on a &ldquo;use it or lose it&rdquo; basis. If you&rsquo;re not having sex, the chances of pregnancy are dramatically lowered, and so your body decides to&hellip; &lsquo;retire&rsquo;. 

&ldquo;The findings of our study suggest that if a woman is not having sex, and there is no chance of pregnancy, then the body &lsquo;chooses&rsquo; not to invest in ovulation, as it would be pointless,&rdquo;&nbsp;Megan Arnot, the first author of the study and a PhD candidate at University College London said in a statement released with the study. She added that, &ldquo;Ovulation is a costly process both in terms of energy and due to the fact, it worsens immune function.&rdquo; 

&ldquo;When approaching midlife, there may be a trade-off between continued ovulation and the likelihood of becoming pregnant, with sexual frequency serving as the cue of possible pregnancy,&rdquo; stated Megan Arnot. &ldquo;Mechanistically, it is likely something to do with oestrogen, but we don&rsquo;t know the exact pathway.&rdquo;

She contended that there may be a biological trade-off between investing energy into ovulation and elsewhere, such as the body using that same energy to keep the woman active so she may look after her grandchildren. This is also known as the grandmother hypothesis. 
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The &lsquo;Grandmother Hypothesis&rsquo;: The body&rsquo;s natural choice to discontinue fertility to invest more time in family is known as the &ldquo;grandmother hypothesis.&rdquo; Scientists hypothesise that women evolved to have their bodies go through menopause to reduce reproductive conflict between different generations of women in one family. This was to allow for the older generation to instead focus on investing their energy into taking care of their grandchildren instead of having more of their own. 
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Sexual Frequently Is Just One Possible Link: Women who are generally in poorer health also tend to be less sexually active. There is evidence to show that healthy sexual activity is important for overall health and quality of life. And while increased sexual activity may be linked to delayed menopause, more research is needed to uncover a causal pathway. 

Researchers do not want women who women who struggle with premature menopause or other reproductive issues to think that having more sex could have preserved their fertility. There are other factors that affect fertility, such as smoking, bad health etc. 
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The study simply shows that there is an association between frequency of sexual activity and delayed menopause. Having a healthy sex life is good for our health and making changes to improve it may benefit our quality of life and overall health. But will it guarantee later menopause? No, it will not. 
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Sex addiction, also known as compulsive sexual behavior disorder, is a condition that has gained recognition in recent years. Yet, it remains shrouded in misconceptions. In this article, we will delve into what sex addiction truly entails, exploring its definition, characteristics, and the avenues for seeking help and support. 
&nbsp;

Demystifying Sex Addiction

<ul>
	<li>A Pattern Of Compulsive Behavior: Sex addiction is characterized by a persistent pattern of engaging in sexual activities despite negative consequences. Individuals with this condition often find it challenging to control their sexual impulses, leading to a sense of powerlessness. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Escalation And Preoccupation: Those with sex addiction may experience an escalation in their sexual behaviors and preoccupation with sexual thoughts. This can disrupt daily life and lead to distress. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Impact On Relationships: Sex addiction often takes a toll on personal relationships, as individuals may prioritize their sexual behaviors over their loved ones&#39; well-being, causing conflict and emotional turmoil. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Excessive Pornography Consumption: Frequent and compulsive consumption of <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/how-pornography-impacts-sexual-wellness">pornography</a> can be a sign of sex addiction. Individuals may spend significant time viewing explicit material, even to the detriment of their work or personal life. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Multiple Sexual Partners: Engaging in sexual activities with multiple partners, often without regard for their own safety or the safety of others, is a common manifestation of sex addiction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Unsafe Sexual Practices: Sex addicts may engage in unsafe sexual practices, such as unprotected sex or risky sexual encounters, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Loss Of Control: An inability to control sexual behaviors despite a sincere desire to stop or cut back is a hallmark of sex addiction. This lack of control can lead to feelings of shame and guilt. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Biological Factors: Some research suggests that brain chemistry and genetics may play a role in the development of sex addiction. Differences in neurotransmitter levels and reward pathways could contribute to compulsive behavior. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Psychological Factors: Underlying psychological issues, such as trauma, depression, anxiety, or low self-esteem, can contribute to the development of sex addiction as individuals use sex as a coping mechanism. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Environmental Factors: Early exposure to explicit material or experiencing a permissive attitude toward sexual behavior within the family or peer group can influence the development of sex addiction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Therapy And Counseling: Individual and group therapy, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in helping individuals understand and manage their compulsive sexual behavior. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Support Groups: Joining support groups like Sex Addicts Anonymous (SAA) or seeking the help of a sponsor can provide valuable peer support and accountability. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address underlying issues such as depression or anxiety that contribute to sex addiction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Lifestyle Changes: Learning healthy coping mechanisms, managing stress, and adopting a balanced lifestyle can also aid in recovery from sex addiction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Sex addiction is a complex condition that can have a profound impact on an individual&#39;s life and relationships. Understanding its signs and causes is the first step toward seeking help and embarking on a journey of healing and recovery. With the right support and treatment, individuals can regain control over their lives and build healthier, more fulfilling relationships.