Madeeha Syed

Explore how intimate violence can impact your physical and mental health. Meri Sehat provides insights and support for survivors.

How Sexual Violence Can Impact Your Physical And Mental Health

This article or video has been vetted and verified by Meri Sehat’s specialists. It contains citations and research from validated sources.

How Does Familial Conflict Or Domestic Violence Affect Children?

Overview

Around 28 percent of women have experienced some sort of domestic violence in Pakistan. These figures are of reported cases only. The vast majority of the cases go unreported and the chain of domestic violence never breaks.

The emotional effects of domestic violence and abuse on children can be devastating. Children in homes where one parent is abused may feel fearful and anxious. They may always be on guard, wondering when the next violent event will happen. This can cause them to react in different ways, depending on their age: 
&nbsp;

different ways

Children In Preschool: Young children who witness intimate-partner violence may start doing things they used to do when they were younger, such as bed-wetting, thumb-sucking, increased crying, and whining. They may also develop difficulty falling or staying asleep; show signs of terror, such as stuttering or hiding, and show signs of<a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/anxiety"> severe separation anxiety</a>. 
&nbsp;

School-aged Children: Children in this age range may feel guilty about the abuse and blame themselves for it. Domestic violence and abuse hurts children&rsquo;s self-esteem. They may not participate in school activities or get good grades, have fewer friends than others, and get into trouble more often. They also may have a lot of headaches and stomach aches.

&nbsp;

Teens: who witness abuse may act out in negative ways, such as fighting with family members or skipping school. They may also engage in risky behaviours, such as having unprotected sex and using alcohol or drugs. They may have low self-esteem and have trouble making friends. They may start fights or bully others and are more likely to get in trouble with the law. This type of behaviour is more common in teen boys who are abused in childhood than in teen girls. Girls are more likely to be withdrawn and to experience depression. 
&nbsp;

Long-term impact

The effects of this abuse can be devastating for children and for society as a whole. Children who witness or are victims of abuse are at higher risk for health problems as adults. These can include mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety. They may also include diabetes, obesity, heart disease, poor self-esteem, and other problems.

Children who grow up in homes where there is conflict or domestic violence are more likely to repeat the cycle as adults by entering into abusive relationships or becoming abusers themselves. For example, a boy who sees his mother being abused is 10 times more likely to abuse his female partner as an adult. A girl who grows up in a home where her father abuses her mother is more than six times as likely to be sexually abused as a girl than who grows up in a non-abusive home.

Conflict or domestic violence also affects children&rsquo;s cognitive development: they may have trouble concentrating in school; they may perform poorly on tests; they may have trouble following directions; they may have trouble forming friendships with their peers; and they may be prone to depression and anxiety disorders later on in life. 
&nbsp;

Basic Parameters For Help: Witnessing abuse is a serious problem that can have lasting effects on children and their families. It can also lead to other mental illnesses like PTSD.&nbsp;

Although each child responds differently to abuse and trauma, there are some things that can help children recover from their experiences. These include having:

<ul>
	<li>A good support system or good relationships with trusted adults</li>
	<li>High self-esteem</li>
	<li>It can be hard to know how to talk to your children about domestic violence or abuse. You want to support them and help them feel safe, but you also want them to know that they are not responsible for the violence in their home. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

help a traumatized child

How To Help A Traumatized Child: Here are some steps you can take:

<ul>
	<li>Help them feel safe. Children who witness or experience domestic violence need to feel safe. This safety best comes from one or both of the parents themselves but it is crucial for the child to feel comfortable in their surroundings without having their guard up all the time.</li>
	<li>Talk to them about their fears. Let them know that it&rsquo;s not their fault or your fault. Learn more about how to listen and talk to your child about domestic violence.</li>
	<li>Talk to them about healthy relationships. Help them learn from the abusive experience by talking about what healthy relationships are and are not. This has a massive impact on their outlook on relationships, their ability to judge what is normal and what isn&rsquo;t and avoid any possible toxic traits.</li>
	<li>A reliable support system. In addition to a parent, your child needs more channels to be able to express themselves and to be able to fully communicate and understand what healthy and good connections are like. It is crucial for the child to have a therapist, relative or a friend that they can rely on and open to fully.</li>
</ul>

Pakistan is not alien to oppression and domestic violence. The issue is so severe that in many cases, the victims and their families tend to normalize it since divorce is a taboo. This not just affects the people in the relationship but it contaminates generations. Not taking a step now often means that you will be subjecting someone else to the same experience as you through your children.&nbsp;

Always remember that a divorced woman is better than a dead woman. 
&nbsp;

Umna Salah

How To Practice Safe Sex

We all think about it, talk about it, partake in it, see it everywhere but not always in the right ways. What makes sex pleasurable is not the next wildly creative idea but perhaps the most basic aspect of being made to feel safe. 
&nbsp;

Practice Safe Sex

Originally, the term was coined to indicate using contraceptive methods or devices in order to reduce the risk of transmitting diseases. It has now been expanded to include practices that prevent pregnancy as well. We call it safer sex or protected sex to highlight the fact that practicing these methods also doesn&rsquo;t completely eradicate the risks that come with this act.&nbsp; 
 
This term first came to light during the <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/hiv-61">HIV/AIDs</a> epidemic and is now a crucial part of sex education where the very real risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD or STI) is a major topic of discussion. Strategies for preventing STIs such as gonorrhea or syphilis had existed long before this too. Locally we don&rsquo;t have much formal education or discussion available on these topics. 
&nbsp;

Abstinence, monogamy, polyfidelity, low-risk sexual behavior, limiting the number of sexual partners, avoiding substances that lead to high-risk behavior, being aware of your partner&rsquo;s sexual history, phone sex/cyber-sex, non-penetrative sex are all valid and useful practices that lead to a reduction of risks associated with sex.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Other methods

Some other, more commonly used methods are:

STDs can be passed by exchanging sexual fluids and from skin-to-skin contact as well. This is why barrier methods are so effective. These include condoms, internal condoms (female condoms), dental dams for orals sex and latex or nitrile gloves.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Condoms: This is the most accessible and easy to use option. These are made out of latex. For those with latex allergies there are synthetic non-latex condoms available as well, although they are more prone to breakage. There are female condoms (internal condoms) as well which can be inserted into the vagina or anus to practice safe sex. These come in different styles (ribbed, ultra-thin etc) and flavors as well.&nbsp; 
	 
	It&rsquo;s important to remember that oil-based lubricants degrade the latex material and lead to breakage. This also happens with double gloving which causes friction and tears. Water based or silicone-based lubricants work much better with latex condoms. Remember using lube also makes sex safer as there are fewer chances of getting tears due to too much friction, for example, with anal sex. The effectivity of condoms is no more than 95 percent in preventing STI transmission.&nbsp; 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Birth Control Pills: Thee are of two types 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

1. Combined Oral Contraceptive (COCP): This has two hormones in it &mdash; oestrogen and progestin. These come in different formulations hence different doses can be prescribed according to personal needs and preferences. For instance, there are pills that give you your period every month as well as pills that can stop your period for 3 months on end. 
 
These work by suppressing ovulation, making the endometrium unsuitable for implantation and thickening cervical mucous which hinders sperm mobility. With typical use, COCPs can be 93-95 percent effective, while with perfect use they are up to 99 percent effective. By perfect use we mean taking it every single day at the exact same time. There is a margin of human error in this hence the lower numbers of effectivity as compared to other methods. 
 
Nausea, breast tenderness, mood swings, bloating, headaches, irregular bleeding are just some of the side effects one experiences on combined hormonal pill. If you still have severe side effects for three months in a row, it means that you need a dose adjustment, but feeling a little nauseous in the first couple months is completely normal. Some non-contraceptive benefits of this are reduced risk of uterine and ovarian cancer, helps manage PCOS, helps with acne and treats endometriosis-related pain, painful periods, menstrual migraines and PMS. 
&nbsp;

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. Progestin-only pill (POP): There are two kinds of progestin-only pills. One is Norethindrone, in which you take a pill pack that is continuous&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(28 days). And the other is Drospirenone, in which you get hormone free intervals (24 active tablets and 4 inactive tablets) 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;This works by two methods; it thickens cervical mucous which makes it harder for sperm to travel and stops ovulation. It&rsquo;s 92-95 percent&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; effective with perfect use and you have to take it at the same time every single day. You get some protective effects such as decreased risk of&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uterine cancer. Some adverse effects include irregular bleeding, acne, moodiness, weight gain, and increase in follicular ovarian cysts. 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Depo Provera Shot: This is another form of Progestin-only birth control in which you get injected every three months. Its effectiveness profile is 93-95 percent. You can get unscheduled bleeding with this that might last for more than seven days and is usually the reason why most people don&rsquo;t prefer it. It has a similar side effect profile as the progestin-only pill.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Nexplanon: This is a tiny (4cm) plastic rod that gets placed between your bicep and triceps muscles. It can stay in for three years and is another progestin-only form of birth control. The biggest reason people don&rsquo;t like it is unscheduled bleeding, along with all of the side effects normally associated with hormonal contraception.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Hormonal IUD: This also contains progestin and is an intra-uterine device which means it sits inside your uterus. The foreign body effect causes inflammation that is toxic to the sperm while the progestin performs its usual functions. These can be inserted from three to five and up to seven years and come in different doses as well. Its 99 percent effective, rapidly reversible, helps manage heavy painful periods, anaemia and endometriosis-related pain. With this form of IUD, you can either experience prolonged bleeding or your period may stop completely. There is some risk of spotting or unscheduled bleeding as well along with the usual hormonal effects. Device expulsion and IUD perforation (very rare, around 1 in 1,000) may happen.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Non-Hormonal IUD: Paragard IUD is another intra-uterine contraceptive method which can stay in for up to 10 years and contains no hormones. This may make your periods heavier and longer with worsened cramps but it has a 99 percent effectivity rate. The best part about this option is that you can pull it out anytime if it doesn&rsquo;t suit you.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Birth Control Ring: This can be inserted into the vagina and kept there for three weeks, once it is removed on week four you can get your period. It has the same benefits as the birth control pill except you don&rsquo;t have to remember taking it every single day. It&rsquo;s 93-96 percent effective and with perfect use, this goes up to 99 percent. Since it contains oestrogen and progestin, it works by similar mechanism as the COCP and has the same benefits and side effects. You might notice an increase in discharge or vaginal infections with this option but it&rsquo;s not very common.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Birth Control Patch: This falls in the same category as the pill and the ring and contains oestrogen and progestin. It works by similar method as the COCP and is 93-96 percent effective with typical use. Perfect use can raise this number up to 98 percent. It can help with painful periods as well as endometriosis related pain while also decreasing risk of endometrial cancer.</li>
</ul>

It&rsquo;s important to note that it can&rsquo;t be given to patients with a BMI of 30 or more and people with increased risk of blood clots since the amount of oestrogen your body is exposed to by this method is fairly high. Common side effects include irregular bleeding, nausea, moodiness, breast tenderness and skin irritation at the site of application.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Ensure safety

Some other ways you can ensure safety of both you and your partners:

Immunization

Making sure you are vaccinated against STIs such as HPV and Hepatitis B is of prime importance. These are more effective when done before the onset of sexual activity. The CDC recommends getting the HPV vaccine for all pre-teens (ages 11 or 12) and people below 26 years of age. It’s not recommended after 26 as most people have been exposed to the virus by then, however, for people 27-45 years of age you can consult your doctor and proceed according to their instructions.&nbsp;

Get tested

If you are someone who regularly engages in sexual activity, make sure you’re also getting regularly tested for STDs. This applies even if you are 100 percent safe every single time.

Dr. Safia Mehmood

Online Consultation

Ismail Munir

Videogames And Violence: What Does Science Say?

Introduction

Let&rsquo;s talk about it before you turn out to be like Adam Lanza who carried out a shooting rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, in which 26 people died just because he was reportedly obsessed with violent video games.<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>

Kids these days, even teenagers, have different issues than ones faced by this demographic in the past. These issues may seem impossible to solve and hard to discuss with their parents, who also lead very busy lives; forcing kids and teenagers to escape their problems via the virtual world. Call it a parenting mistake or marketing gimmick, this is the &lsquo;safe haven&rsquo; for children now, the one place where they find refuge from the real world. 
&nbsp;

According to a study, currently 72% of the children, who are 8 years old and under, use a device for some type of activity, including playing games, watching videos, or using certain apps. These statistics are a drastic jump from the 38% noted back in 2011<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>.&nbsp;

It is horrifying because studies have reported that children who are exposed to violent media, such as movies or games, might not only become immune to violence, but also imitate the violent features and exhibit aggressive behavior. Furthermore, children or even adults who struggle with emotional, behavioral, and learning difficulties are easily affected by it. 
&nbsp;

Understanding the Link Between Videogames and Violence

Video games are not only for juvies anymore; playing them has become a fairly popular leisure activity for all ages.This has made the video gaming industry a multibillion-dollar industry that accumulates more money compared to even movies.&nbsp;

Studies show that girls are inclined to spend more than 1 hour a day playing video games, whereas boys spend more than 2 hours of their day gaming. Quite understandably, teens spend much more time playing video games than younger children. This is because the teenagers connect to the storyline at a much more emotional level, a tactic the multibillion-dollar industry uses. A dedicated team makes sure that the video games under development are extremely sophisticated and realistic, hence blurring the line between the actual and virtual world.&nbsp;

Gaming is now being globalized, too, as some games require connectivity to the internet for allowing the young ones to connect with strangers from around the world. The risk lies in the fact that the person behind the screen can be anyone and involved in anything; those people can manipulate, harass, and force the na&iuml;ve minds to do anything they want. In other words, this kind of exposure without any kind of monitoring is actually dangerous. 
&nbsp;

Earlier, games were aimed to promote educational content, however, the most popular games nowadays are emphasizing and promoting negative content, which includes:

<ul>
	<li>Harming people and animals</li>
	<li>Abuse of drugs and alcohol</li>
	<li>Criminal behavior</li>
	<li>Sexual exploitation</li>
	<li>Racial, sexual, and gender offenses 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

A genre of gaming that has become widely popular over this time in the younger generation is the &ldquo;first-person shooter&rdquo; (FPS) genre. Such games enable the user to essentially live the action and the adrenaline rush by being placed behind the lens of a weapon, and passing through multiple levels of the game, harming the targeted characters. The entirety of these games is based upon guns and enemies, and how to eliminate them

Some of the popular FPS games include titles such as Project IGI Tom Clancy&rsquo;s The Division 2 and Rainbow Six Siege, Call of Duty: Black Ops IV, and Grand Theft Auto V. Not only is the game itself instilling violence in the mind of the innocent ones, but the accessibility and addictiveness of the activity compels them to be involved in such a way that they get aggressive whether they play too much or too little. 
&nbsp;

Two studies were carried out to find the effect of violent video games in particular. The first study evaluated 227 college students on their aggressive behaviors and their recent delinquencies.Combined with their video game routine, researchers found that the participants who played violent video games in junior and high school were more aggressive.The lead author further stated that they had also found that the amount of time participants spent on playing video games was directly proportional with lower academic grades in college.

The second study was essentially a comparison between playing violent and non-violent games. A total of 210 college students were enrolled and allowed to play either a violent (Wolfenstein 3D) or a non-violent video game (Myst) and then their thought process was analyzed. It was found that the participants who played the violent genre were punishing the opponent for longer durations in comparison to those students who had played the nonviolent variant. 
&nbsp;

Video games are at the heart of accessible gaming experience. If such activities are instilling violent features in a growing mind, imagine what it would do to the troubled ones.&nbsp;

A fairly popular incident of the &ldquo;Blue Whale Challenge&#39;&#39; is a reasonable depiction of this scenario. A student of Grade XI in India had a 4-year history of disturbed sleep along with consistent low mood, self-esteem issues, and loss of concentration. His father had observed that in the last year, his son had developed irritability and would prefer spending his time in isolation with his mobile phone. The child later described that he was looking for suicide ideas over the internet during this time; he had wanted to end his life since he failed his last examination.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

He was then introduced to the &ldquo;Blue Whale Challenge.&rdquo; According to its creator, a Russian psychologist, if a person thinks they have essentially &ldquo;no value&rdquo;, they should commit suicide as this is what a whale does by stranding itself. The boy had accepted the challenge because now he had a guide to instruct him what to do. He thought that he could finally commit suicide peacefully.&nbsp;

Not only was this game launched, it was promoted and it trended in many areas of the world until it made news that the younger generation were being affected severely. The Indian child had accepted 40 challenges put forward by the game, which were a combination of watching horror movies at odd hours of the morning and cutting his body with sharp objects. While he reported that completion of each challenge gave him a sense of satisfaction, a mental status examination exhibited depressive cognition and suicidal ideation.<a href="#accordion">[6]</a> 
&nbsp;

There is a fair possibility that young adults who show inclination towards mass shooting games might harm themselves and others around them. Young adults with an inclination towards violent video games might also exhibit signs of antisocial personality disorder, also referred to as sociopathy. An antisocial personality disorder may or may not present any symptoms during the teenage years, but it is not usually diagnosed until the person attains 18 years of age. Awareness and timely interventions can help prevent the condition from worsening. 
&nbsp;

The early signs of antisocial personality disorder consist of:

<ul>
	<li>Lack of empathy</li>
	<li>Cruelty towards animals</li>
	<li>A disregard for right and wrong</li>
	<li>Persistent lying for the purpose of exploiting others</li>
	<li>Hostility</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;These tendencies should be addressed as early as possible for treatment to be effective. 
&nbsp;

Conclusion

It is an easy way out to live in virtual reality and test non-existent and imaginary abilities.Strength is not cursing someone based on their caste, color or creed, or being sexually abusive.Strength, most certainly, is not aggressiveness on the basis of heavy artillery and brutality. Rather, strength is staying in the world, present and acutely aware of everything and everyone in the environment. It is accepting that things are not right at the moment but this moment, too, shall pass; there&rsquo;s no need to hide or look for alternate or fantasized reality. Strength is knowing that something is just not right and addressing it. So rather than finding the most insanely close-to-reality gaming experience, let&rsquo;s talk about the reality of your life? 
&nbsp;

Key Points

<ul>
	<li>An 8-year-old kid in Louisiana shot Marie Smothers, an 87-year-old caregiver, under the influence of aggressive games.</li>
	<li>Adam Lanza went on a shooting rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, killing 26 people because he was reportedly obsessed with violent video games.</li>
	<li>According to a study, currently 72% of the children, who are 8 years old and under, use a device for some type of activity, including playing games, watching videos, or using certain apps, which is a jump from 38% in 2011.</li>
	<li>Children or even adults struggling with emotional, behavioral and learning difficulties tend to be affected by violent media.</li>
	<li>Studies show that girls are inclined to spend more than 1 hour a day playing video games, whereas boys spend more than 2 hours of their day gaming.</li>
	<li>The most popular games nowadays are emphasizing and promoting negative content, which includes torture of animals, drugs promotion, and sexual exploitation.</li>
	<li>Some of the popular FPS games include Project IGI, Tom Clancy&rsquo;s The Division 2 and Rainbow Six Siege, Call of Duty: Black Ops IV, and Grand Theft Auto V.</li>
	<li>A study evaluated 227 college students on the basis of their aggressiveness, including their aggressive behaviors and their recent delinquencies. Combined with their video game routine, researchers found that the participants who played violent video games in their junior and high school were more aggressive.</li>
	<li>According to the Blue Whale Challenge&rsquo;s creator, a Russian psychologist, if a person thinks they have essentially &ldquo;no value&rdquo;, they should commit suicide as this is what a whale does by stranding itself.</li>
	<li>An Indian boy who played the Blue Whale Challenge reported that the completion of each challenge gave him a sense of satisfaction, whereas his mental status examination exhibited depressive cognition and suicidal ideation.</li>
	<li>Caution should be exercised when playing video games and it is imperative that the younger impressionable generation is educated on the dangers of virtual reality.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

[1] Russell L. Police: 8-year-old shoots, kills elderly caregiver after playing video game. CNN.

[2] Violent video games can increase aggression. American Psychological Association.

[3] BNI Treatment Centers. Violent video games effects on teens - Bni Treatment Center. BNI Treatment Centers.

[4] Aacap. Video Games and Children: Playing with Violence. Video games and children: Playing with violence.

[5] Nanji A. 75% of American children under 8 have access to a smartphone or tablet. MarketingProfs.

[6] Narayan, R., Das, B., Das, S., & Bhandari, S. S. (2019). The depressed boy who accepted "Blue Whale Challenge". Indian journal of psychiatry, 61(1), 105–106.

Arbaz Ansari

Coping With Sexual Violence And Assault: A Guide To Healing And Recovery

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/how-sexual-violence-can-impact-your-physical-and-mental-health">Sexual violence</a> and assault are traumatic experiences that can have profound and lasting effects on survivors. Coping with the aftermath of such incidents is an individual journey, but there are valuable strategies and resources available to aid in the process. In this guide, we&#39;ll explore various steps survivors can take to cope with sexual violence and assault and begin the journey towards healing and recovery. 
&nbsp;

Various Steps for survivors

1. Speak To A Trusted Friend Or Family Member

Sharing your experience with someone you trust can be a crucial first step in coping. It allows you to unburden yourself and receive emotional support from those who care about you. 
&nbsp;

2. Seek Professional Help

Consider reaching out to a therapist, counselor, or support group specializing in trauma and sexual assault. Professional guidance can provide you with valuable tools and coping strategies. 
&nbsp;

1. Contact Law Enforcement

Reporting the assault to the police is an essential step in seeking justice and preventing the perpetrator from harming others. Be prepared for a thorough investigation and remember that you have the right to privacy and confidentiality during the process. 
&nbsp;

2. Preserve Evidence

If you choose to report the incident, try to preserve any physical or digital evidence that may be relevant. This may include photographs, messages, or clothing. 
&nbsp;

1. Practice Self-Compassion

It&#39;s essential to treat yourself with kindness and patience during your healing journey. Self-compassion can help counteract feelings of guilt or self-blame. 
&nbsp;

2. Engage In Physical Activity

Regular exercise can be an effective way to reduce stress and boost your mood. It can also help you reconnect with your body in a positive way. 
&nbsp;

1. Trauma-Informed Therapy

Seek therapy with a trauma-informed therapist who specializes in working with survivors of sexual violence. Therapists can help you process your emotions, develop coping strategies, and work towards healing. 
&nbsp;

2. Support Groups

Joining a support group for survivors of sexual violence can provide a sense of community and shared understanding. It allows you to connect with others who have experienced similar trauma. 
&nbsp;

1. Medical Examination

Visit a healthcare professional for a medical examination, even if you don&#39;t plan to report the incident. This can address any physical injuries and assess the risk of sexually transmitted infections. 
&nbsp;

2. Legal Advocacy

Consider seeking legal advice to understand your rights and options, especially if you choose to pursue legal action against the perpetrator. 
&nbsp;

Bottom Line

Coping with sexual violence and assault is an arduous journey, but it&#39;s essential to remember that healing and recovery are possible. Seeking support, whether from friends, family, professionals, or support groups, can significantly aid in the process. Prioritizing self-care, self-compassion, and seeking therapy are key steps towards reclaiming your life and finding hope after trauma. Remember, you are not alone, and there is help available to guide you through this difficult journey. 
&nbsp;

Staff Writer

This article or video has been recorded by a subject / domain specialists with a proven track record of excellence in their area. 

Re-Victimization Within Families

Survivors of sexual assault often rely on their families for emotional support and understanding during their healing journey. However, it&#39;s important to acknowledge that, at times, family members may unintentionally re-victimize survivors, compounding the trauma they have experienced. This article delves into the various ways in which family members can inadvertently cause harm to survivors and provides guidance on how to foster a more supportive environment. 
&nbsp;

guidance

1. Victim-Blaming Attitudes

Some family members may harbor victim-blaming attitudes, consciously or unconsciously. They may ask questions like, &quot;Why were you there?&quot; or &quot;What were you wearing?&quot; These questions place blame on the survivor rather than on the perpetrator. 
&nbsp;

2. Doubting The Survivor&#39;s Story

Expressing doubt about the survivor&#39;s account of the assault can undermine their sense of credibility and discourage them from seeking help or reporting the incident. Family members should approach the survivor with empathy and belief. 
&nbsp;

<ol>
	<li>Trivializing The Experience: Minimizing the severity of the assault by saying things like, &quot;It could have been worse&quot; or &quot;Just move on&quot; invalidates the survivor&#39;s emotions and can make them feel as though their pain is inconsequential. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Pressuring The Survivor To Move On Quickly: Recovery from sexual assault is a highly individualized process, and it&#39;s crucial to respect the survivor&#39;s timeline. Pressuring them to &quot;get over it&quot; prematurely can be harmful. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

1. Invasion Of Personal Space: Family members should always respect the survivor&#39;s boundaries. Invading their personal space, especially without consent, can trigger feelings of vulnerability and fear. 
&nbsp;

2. Sharing The Survivor&#39;s Story Without Permission: Discussing the survivor&#39;s experience with others, even within the family, without their consent can be a breach of trust. The survivor should have control over who knows about their experience. 
&nbsp;

1. Silence And Avoidance: Some family members may avoid discussing the assault altogether, thinking it&#39;s best not to bring it up. However, silence can be interpreted as indifference or a lack of support. 
&nbsp;

2. Failure To Offer Emotional Support: Survivors need a safe space to express their feelings and thoughts. Family members who fail to offer emotional support may inadvertently isolate the survivor, making them feel even more alone in their struggle. 
&nbsp;

Support from family can be a cornerstone of healing for survivors of sexual assault, but it&#39;s essential to be mindful of the potential for unintentional harm. Understanding the ways in which family members can re-victimize survivors is crucial for fostering a more empathetic and supportive environment. Listening, believing, respecting boundaries, and offering unwavering <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/unmasking-the-unseen-wounds-how-to-recognize-signs-of-emotional-abuse">emotional</a> support are key elements in helping survivors navigate their path to healing and recovery within the familial context.

Understanding The Dynamics: Why Family Members Take Sides In Sexual Abuse Cases

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/sexual-abuse-vs-assault-whats-the-difference">Sexual abuse</a> within families is a painful and distressing issue that can shatter the very core of a household. One particularly challenging aspect of such cases is the tendency for family members to take sides, often leading to divided loyalties. This article aims to uncover the underlying reasons behind why some family members support the survivor while others side with the perpetrator. 
&nbsp;

supporting factors For survivors

<ol>
	<li>&nbsp;Loyalty To The Perpetrator: Some family members may have a deep-seated loyalty to the perpetrator, making it difficult for them to accept the reality of the abuse. Loyalty may stem from long standing relationships, familial bonds, or a sense of denial to protect the family&#39;s reputation.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Fear Of Consequences: Family members may fear the consequences of acknowledging the abuse. This includes potential legal actions, public humiliation, or the disruption of the family unit. This fear can drive them to side with the perpetrator as a means of self-preservation. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

1. Protecting The Family Image: Cognitive dissonance, a psychological phenomenon where individuals hold contradictory beliefs, can play a significant role. Some family members may choose to side with the perpetrator to maintain the illusion of a perfect family, even when faced with evidence of abuse.

2. Self-Justification: Siding with the perpetrator may help family members justify their inaction or ignorance regarding the abuse. It allows them to avoid feelings of guilt or responsibility for failing to protect the survivor. 
&nbsp;

1. Concern For Family Unity: The fear of tearing the family apart can lead some members to take sides. They may believe that supporting the survivor would only deepen the rift within the family, and they may prioritize maintaining harmony over addressing the abuse. 
&nbsp;

1. Emotional Manipulation: Perpetrators of sexual abuse can be skilled manipulators. They may use emotional blackmail, threats, or coercion to sway family members to their side, making it difficult for them to see the truth.

2. Emotional Attachment To The Perpetrator: In some cases, family members may have a strong emotional attachment to the perpetrator, such as a parent or sibling. This attachment can cloud their judgment and lead them to defend the abuser. 
&nbsp;

The dynamics of family members taking sides in cases of sexual abuse are deeply complex and often rooted in a range of psychological and emotional factors. Recognizing these reasons is essential for understanding the challenges that survivors and their advocates face when seeking justice and support within their own families. Breaking the silence and encouraging open dialogue about sexual abuse is a crucial step towards addressing this issue and providing survivors with the help and validation they deserve.

Sexual Abuse Vs Assault: What’s The Difference?

In a world where discussions surrounding <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/coping-with-sexual-violence-and-assault-a-guide-to-healing-and-recovery">sexual violence</a> are increasingly prevalent, it&#39;s essential to differentiate between two critical terms: sexual abuse and sexual assault. While these phrases may seem synonymous, they carry distinct connotations and legal implications. This article aims to clarify the differences between sexual abuse and sexual assault, providing readers with a deeper understanding of these sensitive issues. 
&nbsp;

Understanding the differences between sexual abuse and assault

<ul>
	<li>Understanding The Scope: Sexual abuse encompasses a wide range of non-consensual sexual behaviors, making it a broad and inclusive term. This category includes actions such as unwanted touching, harassment, voyeurism, and non-consensual sexting. Sexual abuse can occur in various settings, such as domestic, workplace, or institutional environments. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Emotional Impact: Survivors of sexual abuse often grapple with emotional distress, including feelings of violation, guilt, and shame. These experiences can have long-lasting psychological consequences, affecting an individual&#39;s mental health and overall well-being. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Understanding The Scope: Sexual assault, on the other hand, refers to any non-consensual sexual contact or penetration. This can range from unwanted groping to rape, involving physical force, threats, or incapacitation. Sexual assault is a criminal offense and is prosecuted as such in most jurisdictions. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Legal Consequences: Sexual assault is a severe crime, and those found guilty can face substantial penalties, including imprisonment. Legal definitions and consequences for sexual assault vary by jurisdiction, but it is universally considered a crime against the victim&#39;s autonomy and bodily integrity. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Scope: Sexual abuse encompasses a broader range of non-consensual sexual behaviors, while sexual assault specifically involves non-consensual sexual contact or penetration. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Legal Implications: Sexual assault is a criminal offense with defined legal consequences, while sexual abuse may or may not lead to criminal charges, depending on the severity and context of the behavior. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Emotional Impact: Both sexual abuse and sexual assault can have profound emotional effects on survivors, but the emotional toll may differ based on the nature and severity of the incident. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Distinguishing between sexual abuse and sexual assault is crucial for fostering a better understanding of these complex issues. Clear terminology and respectful discourse are essential to support survivors, advocate for justice, and raise awareness. Whether it&#39;s through legal channels or support networks, addressing these forms of harm is vital for creating a safer and more compassionate society.

The Role Of Mindfulness In Maintaining Sexual Health

Sexual wellness is an essential aspect of our overall health and well-being. It involves the physical, emotional, and mental aspects of our sexuality, and it can be affected by a variety of factors, including <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/stress">stress</a>, <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/anxiety">anxiety</a>, and past experiences. One approach that has gained popularity in recent years for improving sexual wellness is mindfulness. 
&nbsp;

Mindfulness is a practice that involves paying attention to the present moment in a non-judgmental way. It is about being aware of your thoughts, feelings, and sensations without becoming overwhelmed by them. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, improve mood, and increase overall well-being. It involves focusing on the present moment and allowing yourself to fully experience each moment without judgment or distraction. 
&nbsp;

Effects of Mindfulness

Mindfulness can have a positive impact on sexual wellness in a variety of ways. Here are some of the benefits of practicing mindfulness for sexual wellness:

<ol>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Increased Sensitivity And Arousal 
	Mindfulness can increase our awareness of our own bodies, allowing us to become more in tune with our physical sensations. This increased awareness can lead to greater sensitivity and arousal during sexual experiences, enhancing the overall experience. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Reduced Anxiety And Stress 
	Anxiety and stress can have a significant impact on sexual wellness. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce anxiety and stress levels, which can help to improve sexual functioning and satisfaction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Improved Communication 
	Effective communication is critical to maintaining a healthy sexual relationship. Mindfulness can help partners become more present and attentive to each other&#39;s needs, leading to improved communication and a more fulfilling sexual relationship. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Increased Intimacy 
	Mindfulness can help partners connect on a deeper level, leading to increased intimacy and emotional closeness. This increased emotional connection can lead to a more satisfying sexual relationship. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Increased Confidence And Self-Esteem 
	Mindfulness can help to improve self-awareness and self-acceptance, leading to increased confidence and self-esteem. This increased confidence can lead to improved sexual functioning and satisfaction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

Practice Mindfulness For Sexual Wellness

There are several ways to practice mindfulness for sexual wellness. Here are some tips to get started:

<ol>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Focus On The Present Moment 
	During sexual experiences, try to focus on the present moment and allow yourself to fully experience each sensation without judgment or distraction. Pay attention to your body and your partner&#39;s body, and try to stay present and in the moment. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Practice Mindful Breathing 
	Mindful breathing involves taking deep, slow breaths and focusing on the sensation of the breath entering and leaving your body. This can help to calm the mind and reduce stress and anxiety levels. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Practice Self-Acceptance 
	Mindfulness involves accepting yourself and your experiences without judgment. Practice self-acceptance by acknowledging your thoughts and feelings without criticism or self-judgment. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Improve Communication 
	Effective communication is critical to maintaining a healthy sexual relationship.Practice active listening and open communication with your partner, and try to be present and attentive to their needs and desires. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Seek Professional Help 
	If you are struggling with sexual wellness, consider seeking professional help. A therapist or counselor can provide guidance and support to help you improve your sexual wellness. 
	In conclusion, mindfulness can have a positive impact on sexual wellness by increasing sensitivity and arousal, reducing anxiety and stress, improving communication, increasing intimacy, and increasing confidence and self-esteem. By practicing mindfulness and focusing on the present moment, practicing mindful breathing, practicing self-acceptance, improving communication, and seeking professional help when necessary, individuals can improve their sexual wellness and enhance their overall well-being. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Incorporate Mindful Touch 
	Incorporating mindful touch can help partners connect on a deeper level during sexual experiences. This involves paying attention to the sensations of touch and focusing on the present moment without distraction. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Practice Mindful Self-Pleasure: Practicing mindful self-pleasure can also help to improve sexual wellness. This involves taking time to focus on the sensations of touch and pleasure without distraction or judgment. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Reduce Distractions: Reducing distractions during sexual experiences can help partners stay present and focused on the moment. This may involve turning off electronic devices, eliminating distractions in the environment, and focusing on each other&#39;s needs and desires.</li>
</ol>

<ol start="9">
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Practice Gratitude: Practicing gratitude can help individuals appreciate and savor the positive aspects of their sexual experiences. This involves reflecting on the positive aspects of each sexual experience and expressing gratitude for those moments.</li>
</ol>

<ol start="10">
	<li style="list-style-type:decimal">Cultivate A&nbsp;Positive Mindset: Cultivating a positive mindset can help individuals approach sexual experiences with a sense of openness and positivity. This involves focusing on positive thoughts and feelings and letting go of negative thoughts and judgments. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

Mindfulness can be a powerful tool for improving sexual wellness. By incorporating mindful practices into sexual experiences and daily life, individuals can increase sensitivity and arousal, reduce anxiety and stress, improve communication and intimacy, and increase confidence and self-esteem. With practice and dedication, mindfulness can help individuals achieve a more fulfilling and satisfying sexual relationship. 
&nbsp;

Rukhsana Rizwan

The Importance Of Staying Active And Healthy In Retirement

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/tips-for-staying-connected-with-loved-ones-and-maintaining-social-relationships-in-retirement">Retirement</a> is a time for relaxation and rest after decades of hard work. However, it is also an important time to focus on staying active and healthy. As we age, our bodies change and it becomes more important than ever to take care of ourselves. By staying active and healthy in retirement, we can increase our overall quality of life and maintain our independence for longer. One of the biggest challenges for many retirees is finding ways to stay active. After decades of working, it can be tempting to spend our days relaxing and taking it easy. However, this sedentary lifestyle can lead to a host of health problems, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. To combat this, it is important to find ways to incorporate physical activity into our daily routines. There are many different types of physical activity that can be beneficial for retirees. Walking is one of the easiest and most accessible forms of exercise, and it can be done almost anywhere. Swimming, cycling, and yoga are other low-impact activities that can help to improve flexibility, strength, and balance. Strength training is also important, as it can help to maintain muscle mass and prevent age-related muscle loss. 
&nbsp;

Importance Of physical health

Here are some reasons why your physical health should be on top of your list of priorities during retirement:&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Improve Cardiovascular Health &ndash; Staying active in retirement helps to maintain good cardiovascular health, which in turn reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.</li>
	<li>Increase Flexibility And Mobility &ndash; Regular physical activity can help to increase flexibility and mobility, making it easier to perform daily tasks and reducing the risk of falls.</li>
	<li>Manage Weight &ndash; Physical activity can help to manage weight, reducing the risk of obesity and related health problems.</li>
	<li>Maintain Muscle Strength &ndash; Regular exercise can help to maintain muscle strength and prevent muscle loss that often occurs with age.</li>
	<li>Improve Mental Health &ndash; Exercise is not only beneficial for physical health, but it also helps to improve mood, reduce anxiety, and improve cognitive function.</li>
	<li>Increase Social Interaction &ndash; Engaging in physical activities can provide opportunities for social interaction and help to combat loneliness and social isolation.</li>
	<li>Boost Self-Esteem &ndash; Regular exercise can help to boost self-esteem and provide a sense of accomplishment, which is important for mental well-being.</li>
	<li>Reduce The Risk Of Chronic Diseases &ndash; Staying active in retirement can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and some forms of cancer.</li>
	<li>Improved Sleep &ndash; Regular exercise has been shown to improve sleep quality, which is important for overall health and well-being.</li>
	<li>Better Quality Of Life &ndash; Staying active in retirement can help to enhance quality of life by improving physical health, mental well-being, and social connections. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Staying active is important, but it is also important to eat a healthy and balanced diet. As we age, our bodies require fewer calories, but it is still important to eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods. This includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein sources and healthy fats. A diet that is rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and cancer. Another important aspect of staying healthy in retirement is maintaining social connections. Retiremenct can be a time of isolation for many people and social connections are essential for our mental and emotional well-being. Joining a club or organization, volunteering, or taking part in community events are all great ways to meet new people and stay connected. 
&nbsp;

It is important to stay on top of our healthcare needs as we age. This means staying up-to-date with regular check-ups and screenings as well as managing any chronic conditions. It is important to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a plan for managing any health issues that may arise. Finally, it is important to maintain a positive outlook and keep a sense of purpose in retirement. This can involve finding new hobbies or activities to pursue, or simply finding ways to stay engaged and active in our communities.&nbsp;

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Tips For Maintaining A Healthy Sex Life And Addressing Common Sexual Health Issues In Men

Maintaining a healthy sex life is an important aspect of overall well-being and can have positive effects on both physical and <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/how-your-emotional-relationship-with-your-partner-affects-your-sex-life">emotional health.</a> However, men may experience various sexual health issues throughout their lives, which can impact their ability to enjoy sex. In this article, we will discuss some tips for maintaining a healthy sex life and address common sexual health issues in men. 
&nbsp;

Maintaining a Healthy Sex Life

Tip 1: Practice Safe Sex

Practicing safe sex is crucial to preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. Using condoms during sexual activity can help reduce the risk of contracting or transmitting STIs, and it can also provide protection against unwanted pregnancies. Additionally, it is important to get regular STI testing if you are sexually active. 
&nbsp;

Tip 2: Maintain Good Hygiene

Maintaining good hygiene is essential for overall sexual health. Proper hygiene practices, such as regular washing and grooming, can help prevent infections and unpleasant odors. Additionally, it is important to keep your genitals clean and dry to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. 
&nbsp;

Tip 3: Maintain A Healthy Lifestyle

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can have a positive impact on sexual health. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep can improve overall physical health, which in turn can lead to better sexual function. Additionally, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can also improve sexual health. 
&nbsp;

Tip 4: Communicate With Your Partner

Effective communication with your partner can help improve sexual satisfaction and prevent sexual health issues. Discussing sexual preferences, concerns, and boundaries can help ensure that both partners are comfortable and satisfied during sexual activity. 
&nbsp;

Common Sexual Health Issues in Men

Now, let&#39;s discuss some common sexual health issues that men may face and how to address them.

Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual health issue in men, particularly in older age groups. ED can be caused by various factors, including physical health conditions, psychological factors, and lifestyle habits. Treatment options for ED may include medication, lifestyle changes, and therapy. 
&nbsp;

Premature Ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) is another common sexual health issue that men may experience. PE is characterized by ejaculation that occurs too quickly during sexual activity. Treatment options for PE may include medication, behavioral techniques, and therapy. 
&nbsp;

Low Testosterone

Low testosterone is a condition in which the body does not produce enough of the hormone testosterone. Low testosterone can lead to various sexual health issues, including low libido and erectile dysfunction. Treatment options for low testosterone may include testosterone replacement therapy. 
&nbsp;

In conclusion, maintaining a healthy sex life is crucial for overall well-being. Practicing safe sex, maintaining good hygiene, and living a healthy lifestyle can all help improve sexual health. Additionally, effective communication with your partner and seeking treatment for common sexual health issues can help ensure that both partners are satisfied and comfortable during sexual activity. 
&nbsp;

Sexual violence is a harrowing experience that leaves deep scars on survivors. Beyond the immediate trauma, it can have enduring effects on physical and mental health. In this article, we delve into the complex ways in which sexual violence can impact a survivor&#39;s well-being. 
&nbsp;

Impacts of Sexual Violence

<h5>1. Physical Health Consequences</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Physical Injuries: Sexual violence often results in physical injuries, such as bruises, cuts, or fractures. These injuries can range from minor to severe, depending on the nature and intensity of the assault. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Reproductive Health Issues: Sexual violence can lead to reproductive health problems, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancies, and gynecological issues. Survivors may require medical attention and support to address these concerns. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Chronic Health Conditions: Survivors of sexual violence may be at an increased risk of developing chronic health conditions, such as chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, and autoimmune disorders. The chronic stress from the trauma can weaken the immune system and exacerbate existing health issues. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h5>2. Mental Health Implications</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Many survivors experience symptoms of <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/ptsd-post-traumatic-stress-disorder">PTSD</a>, including flashbacks, nightmares, and hypervigilance. These symptoms can significantly impact daily life and functioning. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Depression And Anxiety: Survivors of sexual violence are at a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders. The emotional toll of the trauma, coupled with feelings of shame and guilt, can contribute to these conditions. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Substance Abuse: Some survivors may turn to substance abuse as a way to cope with the emotional pain and distress caused by the trauma. This can lead to addiction and further complicate recovery. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h5>3. Sexual And Relationship Issues</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Intimacy And Trust: Sexual violence can shatter trust and intimacy in future relationships. Survivors may struggle with forming and maintaining healthy relationships due to fears and triggers related to the trauma. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Sexual Dysfunction: Survivors may experience sexual dysfunction, including pain during intercourse, loss of libido, or difficulty achieving sexual satisfaction. These issues can affect self-esteem and quality of life. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h5>4. Social And Emotional Impact</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Isolation And Stigmatization: Survivors of sexual violence may face stigma and isolation, as societal misconceptions and victim-blaming attitudes persist. This isolation can hinder healing and recovery. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Guilt And Shame: Many survivors grapple with feelings of guilt and shame, even though they are not responsible for the assault. These emotions can erode self-worth and hinder the healing process. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

The physical and mental health impact of sexual violence is significant and multifaceted. It&#39;s essential to recognize the complex challenges survivors face and provide them with the support, empathy, and resources they need to heal. With trauma-informed care, therapy, and a strong support network, survivors can embark on a path towards recovery, reclaim their physical and mental health, and rebuild their lives.