Digital media and social media are accessible to everyone. Sometimes children come across pages through social media marketing that may not be good for them.

The Dark Side Of Social Media

Introduction

Disclaimer: This article mentions self-harm, suicide, eating disorders, and harassment.

Social media&#39;s rise and unprecedented popularity are perceived as a reflection of futuristic forms of social interactions and virtual connections.

Social media has constructed a trailblazing path for the digital world. Most of the studies center around the promising results of social media and, therefore, encouraging the development of such technological advancement. Social media&#39;s rise and unprecedented popularity are perceived as a reflection of futuristic forms of social interactions and virtual connections.&nbsp; 
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However, it is gradually becoming clear that social media endangers the sheer fabric of society by influencing people, networks, firms, and all social institutions. What was alluded to as the inception of a new era has manifolded opportunities for sinister purposes and counterintuitive activities, such as cyberbullying, social media addiction, harassment, the spread of misinformation, a lack of privacy, and the exchange of illicit substances<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. 
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This article discusses the multidimensionality of what is termed the dark side of social media and depict the various unfortunate results of its rampant consumption by society.&nbsp;

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Understanding The Dangers of Social Media

Research has suggested that people feel compelled to participate and leave a digital footprint in the virtual world. The addiction to social media apps is not an exaggerated notion. It is rather the realistic and enthralling effect of two chemicals abundantly released when an individual interacts on social media platforms. These two chemicals are: 
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<h5>a) Dopamine</h5>

For a long time, scientists were under the impression that <a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/dopamine-detox-how-to-fix-your-screen-addiction">dopamine</a> exclusively functioned to encourage pleasure and feelings of delight in the brain. However, recent research delves further into the complex and multifaceted biomechanism of the chemical.&nbsp; 
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Dopamine boosts individuals to not settle for monotony, and continuously search and seek for what they truly desire. The chemical is invigorated by capriciousness, elusive and vague information, and remuneration signals. Essentially, these are all the specific states of social media that create mystery and curiosity<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
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The previously cryptic chemical has such a magnetic pull and irresistible charm that it is comparable to alcohol and drugs. Studies aiming to gauge the effect of dopamine have revealed that tweeting appears to have a stronger and more enthusiastic effect on individuals, making it more difficult to quit than cigarettes or liquor<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
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<h5>b) Oxytocin&nbsp;</h5>

Another chemical that influences social media use is oxytocin, a chemical commonly linked to expressions of love. But what is more peculiar is how the same chemical has an increased flow when a person tweets or posts or shares virtual content on social media. Just 10 minutes of social media use can cause a 13% rise in oxytocin levels, a spike that was normally seen in individuals on their wedding day<a href="#accordion">[3]</a>.&nbsp; 
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Moreover, the benefits of oxytocin such as trust, feelings of affection, decreased stress, and generosity are all also associated with web-based entertainment. Subsequently, social media users have demonstrated to be more trusting than the typical internet client. The average Facebook user is 43% more probable than other internet clients to feel that the vast majority can be relied upon<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>. 
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Along with the unprecedented surplus of mood boosters such as dopamine and oxytocin, social networking and the facade of an internet presence promote feelings of elation. They also disrupt a person&#39;s restraint to avoid such content daily.

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Addiction, regardless of the guilty substance, always has a negative connotation; an excess of anything has never done anyone any good. Similarly, the addictive nature of social media has inculcated pseudo values, norms, and ethics that are validated through social media. This can be aptly visualized through the skewed reward system. 
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Social media platforms have presented a myriad of functions and features through which the wider public can share their opinions and thoughts. Whenever an individual posts a photo or shares an article that aligns with their political stance, they continuously glance over their phones to revel in the stream of notifications. The increasing number of interactions - likes, reactions, comments - reverberating with the sound of the notifications creates the same sentiment a gambler experiences when successful at the slot machine, or a chain smoker when they puff their cigarette. They are relieved and exhilarated to know that the majority of their followers (mostly close friends and family members) endorse their thoughts and opinions, praise their pictures, or commend their eloquence and activism on a social issue.&nbsp;

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Even though social media is championed for creating innovative ways to battle dejection, promote social interactions, and decrease solitude, studies indicate that the opposite may actually be true. By normalizing the counterproductive culture of comparison, research suggests that the exponential endemic of social media platforms after 2010 has resulted in more cases of mental health disorders and internalized problems<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>.

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Researchers often refer to people who were born after 1995 as iGen due to their heavy dependence on social media. As a result of the increased time spent on new media screen activities, iGen adolescents have a higher incidence of panic attacks, prolonged depressive episodes, irregular meal patterns due to underlying eating disorders, and lingering and intrusive thoughts of self-harm and suicide<a href="#accordion">[4]</a>.&nbsp;

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Whenever people stumble on perfectly curated photos of celebrities, social media influencers, and people surrounded by fame, they are more likely to question their satisfaction with life and compare their average lives with sponsored ones. Breathtaking vacation posts can further affect a person&rsquo;s self-esteem as people begin comparing their corporate cubicles to hotel rooms, cafeteria lunches to massive spreads in restaurants, and crowded modes of commute to private jets. When users are repeatedly supplied with such extravagant and unrealistic life expectations, they become more conscious. This can result in corresponding coping mechanisms. They might start mimicking the celebrities in the way they talk, dress, and even eat. As per studies, many people end up splurging their paychecks at the same clothing boutiques as their favorite celebrities<a href="#accordion">[5]</a>. Repetitive comparisons tend to cause more drastic decisions.&nbsp;

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Photoshopped images on social media platforms have stemmed self-image and bodily insecurities in countless individuals, especially younger girls and women. Disappointment with body weight or shape is essentially the predominant factor that encourages modified eating behaviors among teenagers and young adults. There is substantial proof featuring a directly proportional relationship between excessive social media use and the recurrence of dietary problems<a href="#accordion">[6]</a>. Moreover, individuals end up subscribing to fad diets and unhealthy weight loss programs to achieve the unrealistic beauty standards set by computed filters, photoshop editors, and social media applications.

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There exists another class of social media users - those who do not compare their lives with that portrayed on the internet; rather, they choose to spew hate online. In the last decade, there has been a surge of targeted crimes and hate-motivated attacks on sectarian groups, ethnic minorities, the trans community, and anybody that is not categorized as &lsquo;normal&rsquo;. Thus, raising concerns about the association between hate speech online and targeted attacks, as well as the role of companies and governments in policing the online discourse<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>. According to research analysts, the patterns in hate crimes across the world point to a shift in the political environment, and social media can further amplify this friction<a href="#accordion">[7]</a>.&nbsp; 
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Moreover, hateful exchanges online have given rise to cyberbullying, racism, sexism, and at the most extreme, physical acts of violence.&nbsp; The accessibility of social media has allowed us to catalyze hate and dissent, spread vitriol, and galvanize people toward common objectives. People or keyboard netizens from the comfort of their homes, can insult, abuse, and even threaten foes and rivals, and remain masked. Social media has further perpetuated predatory behaviors such as stalking and hacking<a href="#accordion">[8]</a>. Moreover, social media has, in effect, achieved what it hoped to - it allows people to lead a solitary life and yet be &#39;social&#39; with other virtual users. However, it has done so at the cost of compassion and human decency.&nbsp;

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The herd mentality has grouped individuals and aggravated situations where people would be hesitant if they were alone. Trends are quickly adopted because of the lingering fear of missing out (FOMO). Furthermore, people are quick to form an opinion as they are afraid to be ostracized for choosing the wrong side<a href="#accordion">[8].</a> This is perhaps why it is necessary to evaluate the existing guidelines, censorship, and rules of conduct of most social media applications.&nbsp; 
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Conclusion

Engineers and software developers work tediously with a product team to build and invent a forum, platform, or application.&nbsp;These social media apps are created to grasp a user's attention and provide them with enough incentive to stay hooked on their web application.&nbsp;This strategy works, and assists companies to seal deals, monetize through advertisements, and bring money in as many versatile ways as they can.&nbsp;However, similar to a gambling problem, or substance addiction, consumption of social media can cause mental health concerns and influence psychological desires.

[1] Baccarella, C., Wagner, T. F., Kietzmann, J., & McCarthy, I. P. (2018). Social media? It's serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. European Management Journal, 36(4), 431-438.

[2] Seiter, C. (2016, August 10). The Psychology of Social Media: Why We Like, Comment, and Share Online. Retrieved from Buffer:

[3] Penenberg, A. L. (2010, July 1). Social Networking Affects Brains Like Falling in Love. Retrieved from Fast Company:

[4] Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. N. (2018). Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(1), 3-17.

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