Understand and manage common sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea. Meri Sehat provides insights into causes, symptoms, and effective strategies for better sleep.

Understanding And Managing Common Sleep Disorders Such As Insomnia And Sleep Apnea

Maybe the reason behind your bad sleep is not what you think. Learn what are the most common sleep disorders and how you can manage them

Overview

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/article/how-you-sleep">Sleep </a>is a fundamental aspect of our well-being, providing us with the necessary rest and rejuvenation to function optimally. Unfortunately, many individuals experience sleep disorders that disrupt their ability to obtain quality sleep. Two of the most common sleep disorders are <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/insomnia">insomnia and sleep</a> apnea. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies for these conditions. 
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Insomnia

Insomnia refers to a persistent difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restful sleep. It can have various causes, including stress, anxiety, depression, medications, medical conditions, or poor sleep hygiene. Insomnia can be classified into two types: acute insomnia, which lasts for a short duration, typically triggered by a stressful event, and chronic insomnia, which persists for at least three nights a week for three months or longer.

Symptoms of insomnia may include difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night, waking up too early in the morning, feeling tired upon waking, daytime sleepiness, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. 
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<h5>Diagnosis</h5>

To diagnose insomnia, healthcare professionals typically rely on a thorough evaluation of the patient&#39;s medical history, sleep patterns, and symptoms. They may also employ sleep logs or actigraphy, a method of monitoring sleep-wake patterns using a wristwatch-like device. In some cases, a sleep study, known as a polysomnography, may be recommended to rule out other underlying sleep disorders. 
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<h5>Management</h5>

The management of insomnia involves both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacological interventions include improving sleep hygiene practices, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment, avoiding stimulating activities before bedtime, and managing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a highly effective psychological intervention that helps individuals address the underlying thoughts and behaviors that contribute to sleep difficulties.

In some cases, short-term use of prescription sleep aids or over-the-counter sleep aids may be recommended, but their long-term use should be avoided due to the risk of dependence. It&#39;s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual circumstances. 
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Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep. The most common type of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where the airway becomes partially or completely blocked, leading to reduced airflow and repeated episodes of shallow breathing or complete cessation of breathing. <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/sleep-apnea-91">Central sleep apnea (CSA)</a> is less common and occurs when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles responsible for breathing.

Symptoms of sleep apnea may include loud snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, daytime sleepiness, <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/cluster-headaches">morning headaches</a>, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and restless sleep. 
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<h5>Diagnosis</h5>

If sleep apnea is suspected, a sleep study is usually conducted to confirm the diagnosis. A polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep apnea and involves monitoring various physiological parameters during sleep, including brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rate, and breathing patterns. 
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<h5>Management</h5>

The management of sleep apnea can vary depending on the severity and underlying causes. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise, avoiding alcohol and sedatives, and sleeping on the side instead of the back can help alleviate symptoms in some cases.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most common and effective treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. It involves wearing a mask over the nose or nose and mouth during sleep, which delivers a continuous flow of air to keep the airway open. Other treatment options include oral appliances that reposition the jaw and tongue, and in some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove obstructions in the airway.

For central sleep apnea, addressing the underlying medical conditions, such as heart failure or neurological disorders, is crucial. Treatment options may include medications to stabilize breathing patterns or the use of adaptive servo-ventilation devices that provide positive pressure to support breathing.

It&#39;s important to consult with a sleep specialist or healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the individual&#39;s specific needs and circumstances. 
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Bottom Line

Insomnia and sleep apnea are common sleep disorders that can significantly impact an individual&#39;s quality of life and overall health. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies for these conditions is essential in ensuring effective treatment and improved sleep.

Non-pharmacological interventions, such as improving sleep hygiene, implementing relaxation techniques, and adopting cognitive-behavioral therapy, are crucial for managing insomnia. In the case of sleep apnea, lifestyle modifications, CPAP therapy, oral appliances, and, in severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Seeking professional help from sleep specialists, such as sleep medicine physicians or pulmonologists, can provide a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan. By addressing these sleep disorders effectively, individuals can regain control over their sleep patterns, enhance their overall well-being, and improve their daily functioning.

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