Learn about Likoria, a vaginal discharge disorder in women. Find causes, symptoms & treatments from our expert doctors. Get relief & feel comfortable again.

Likoria

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ZAKA CLINIC GULBERG LAHORE

Saad Ullah Siddiqui

Overview

Likoria, or leukorrhea is the medical term for vaginal discharge. 
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Likoria refers to vaginal discharge that may be white, yellow, or green. It can be a normal condition or a sign of infection originating from various parts such as the vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervix. During pregnancy, a thin, white, and odorless discharge is normal. Furthermore, adolescent girls may experience physiologic leukorrhea that lasts up to a year from the onset of menses. However, if the discharge is yellow or green, has an offensive odor, and is accompanied by irritation, itching, pain, or tissue inflammation, it may be a sign of infection. 
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The prevalence of likoria varies depending on several factors, including age, sexual activity, and overall health status. In general, likoria is more common in women of reproductive age, particularly those who are sexually active. It is estimated that up to 75% of women will experience some form of vaginal discharge during their lifetime<a href="#accordion">[1]</a>. 
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Likoria is widely categorized into two types<a href="#accordion">[2]</a>: 
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<h5>Physiological</h5>

In physiological likoria, hormonal changes cause natural secretion from the vagina. It occurs during sexual arousal, early pregnancy, puberty, and for a week post-birth in newborns due to maternal estrogen. 
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<h5>Pathological</h5>

Pathological likoria results from disease conditions causing abnormal discharge. The color and smell differ from physiological discharge. It usually requires medical attention. Some common causes of pathological likoria are:

<ul>
	<li>Cervicitis - Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or allergy to contraceptive methods can lead to an inflammation of the cervix. Lower back pain and inflammation are common symptoms of the condition. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Vaginal Yeast Infection - Also called candidiasis, vaginal yeast infection is commonly found in diabetic women or those taking antibiotics and contraceptive pills. Poor hygiene and changes in vaginal pH are contributing factors. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Trichomonas Vaginitis - Also known as trichomoniasis, it&#39;s characterized by yellow frothy discharge and an itching sensation. Causes include sexually transmitted diseases and poor hygiene. Symptoms typically appear 3-28 days after infection. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of likoria will depend on the type and cause. Some common signs and symptoms include: 
&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>White or yellowish discharge from the vagina</li>
	<li>Foul-smelling discharge</li>
	<li>Itching, irritation, and redness in the genital area</li>
	<li>Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse</li>
	<li>Abdominal pain or cramping</li>
	<li>Fatigue or weakness</li>
	<li>Headache</li>
	<li>Backache</li>
	<li>Painful urination 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Note: It is important to note that some vaginal discharge is normal and can vary throughout a woman&#39;s menstrual cycle. However, if you experience any of the above symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying infections or conditions. 
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Causes

The most common causes of likoria include: 
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Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can cause likoria.

Infections: Likoria can also result from bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Common infections that can lead to likoria include yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/gonorrhea">gonorrhea</a>, and trichomoniasis.

Poor Hygiene: Poor personal hygiene can cause likoria, as it can lead to the buildup of bacteria and other harmful organisms in the genital area.

<a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/allergies">Allergies</a>: Allergies to certain soaps, detergents, and other products used in the genital area can cause likoria.

Cervical Erosion: Cervical erosion occurs when the cervical lining becomes irritated and inflamed, leading to the production of excessive vaginal discharge.

Foreign Objects: Foreign objects such as tampons and contraceptive devices can also cause likoria.

Cancer: Rarely, likoria may be a sign of cervical or vaginal cancer. 
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Diagnosis

There are no specific screening tests for likoria. Based on the patient&rsquo;s clinical presentation and history, the doctor may order various tests and scans.

Leukorrhea, also known as likoria, can be diagnosed by a healthcare provider through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Here are some common diagnostic methods used for likoria: 
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Medical History: A healthcare provider will ask questions about symptoms, such as the color, odor, and consistency of vaginal discharge, any pain or discomfort, and any history of sexually transmitted infections or other medical conditions.

Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will perform a pelvic examination to look for signs of inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities.

Laboratory Tests: Laboratory tests such as a wet mount, a vaginal pH test, or a culture and sensitivity test may be performed to identify the type of infection or organism causing the likoria.

Pap Smear: A Pap smear is a screening test used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that can lead to cervical cancer. It may be performed if the healthcare provider suspects cervical erosion or cancer.

Colposcopy: Colposcopy is a procedure in which a healthcare provider examines the cervix and vagina using a special microscope to detect abnormal cells or lesions.

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Testing: If a healthcare provider suspects an STI as the cause of the likoria, they may recommend testing for STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis. 
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Treatment

The treatment for likoria depends on the underlying cause of the condition. Here are some common treatment options: 
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Antibiotics: If likoria is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection. The specific antibiotic prescribed will depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection.

Antifungal Medication: If likoria is caused by a fungal infection, such as a yeast infection, antifungal medication may be prescribed to treat the infection. The medication may be in the form of a cream, suppository, or oral medication.

Treatment For Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): If the likoria is caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis, the healthcare provider will prescribe appropriate medication to treat the infection. In some cases, treatment may involve a combination of medications.

Hormone Therapy: If the likoria is caused by hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menopause, hormone therapy may be recommended to help balance hormone levels and reduce symptoms.

Lifestyle Changes: Certain lifestyle changes can help manage likoria. These may include maintaining good personal hygiene, wearing cotton underwear, avoiding tight-fitting clothing, and avoiding irritants such as scented soaps or vaginal douches. 
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Strategies For Managing Leukorrhea During Pregnancy

<ul>
	<li>Frequent baths.</li>
	<li>Breathable cotton liners should be used to keep the vaginal area clean and dry.<a href="#accordion">[2]</a></li>
	<li>Panty liners or pads can help absorb excess discharge and increase comfort.</li>
	<li>Tampons should be avoided.</li>
	<li>Douching can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms in the vagina and lead to bacterial vaginosis. Thus, douching is not recommended.</li>
	<li>Wipes should be avoided as they can alter the pH balance in the genital tract and increase the risk of infection. The vagina has a self-cleaning ability. pH-safe wipes can be used if there is a need for extra cleaning. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Note: Seek medical attention if you experience abnormal or excessive discharge, itching, pain, or other symptoms of infection during pregnancy. 
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While likoria itself is not a serious condition, if left untreated, it can lead to several complications. Some of these complications include: 
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Infection: Likoria can lead to vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections. These infections can cause further discharge, itching, burning, and discomfort.

Sexual Dysfunction: If left untreated, likoria can lead to discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse, which can cause sexual dysfunction.

Infertility: In some cases, likoria can lead to inflammation of the reproductive organs, which can cause scarring and adhesions that can lead to infertility.

Cervical Cancer: In rare cases, persistent likoria can lead to cervical cancer, especially if the discharge is accompanied by abnormal bleeding or pain during sex.

Psychological Distress: Likoria can cause psychological distress, especially if it is persistent and accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, burning, or pain. 
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It can occur in women of any age. Certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing likoria. Some of these risk factors include: 
&nbsp;

Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/menopause">menopause </a>can increase the likelihood of developing likoria.

Poor Hygiene: Poor genital hygiene can lead to an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast, leading to likoria.

Certain Medications: Some medications, such as antibiotics or steroids, can disrupt the normal vaginal flora, leading to likoria.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis can cause vaginal discharge.

Chronic Diseases: Chronic diseases such as <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/diabetes-type-1-and-2">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/hiv-61">HIV</a>/<a href="https://merisehat.pk/disease/aids">AIDS</a>, or autoimmune disorders can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections that cause likoria.

Sexual Activity: Sexual activity, especially unprotected sex, can increase the risk of developing STIs that cause likoria.

Certain Contraceptive Methods: Some forms of contraception, such as spermicides, diaphragms, or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can increase the risk of likoria.

Stress: High levels of stress can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections that cause likoria.

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Several preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of developing likoria, or to prevent it from recurring. Some of these measures include: 
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Maintaining Good Genital Hygiene: Cleaning the genital area daily with warm water and a mild soap is recommended. Women should avoid using scented products or douching, as this can disrupt the natural vaginal flora.

Wearing Breathable Clothing: Loose, cotton clothing should be worn to allow for air circulation and prevent moisture buildup in the genital area.

Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms during sexual activity reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections that can cause likoria.

Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps maintain overall health and boost immunity.

Staying Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water and other fluids to stay hydrated can help prevent infections.

Avoiding Stress: Practicing stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, yoga, or exercise helps reduce stress and boost immunity.

Avoiding Irritants: It is advised to avoid using scented products or harsh chemicals in the genital area, as this can cause irritation and lead to likoria. 
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Note: If you experience symptoms of likoria such as abnormal discharge, itching, or pain, seek prompt medical attention to prevent the condition from worsening. 
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Key Points

<ul>
	<li>Leukorrhea, also known as likoria, is a common vaginal discharge in women.</li>
	<li>It is usually white or yellow and may have a foul smell.</li>
	<li>The discharge can be caused by various factors such as hormonal changes, infections, or foreign bodies.</li>
	<li>It is more common during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause due to changes in estrogen levels.</li>
	<li>Poor hygiene, tight clothing, and douching can also increase the risk of likoria.</li>
	<li>Symptoms may include itching, burning, and irritation in the vaginal area.</li>
	<li>Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antibiotics, antifungal medication, or hormone therapy.</li>
	<li>Home remedies such as maintaining proper hygiene, wearing loose clothing, and consuming yogurt may also help alleviate symptoms.</li>
	<li>It is important to seek medical attention if the discharge is accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, or heavy bleeding.</li>
	<li>Regular gynecological check ups can help identify and treat any underlying conditions that may cause likoria.</li>
	<li>Educating women about proper hygiene and safe sexual practices can help prevent the occurrence of likoria and other vaginal infections. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

[1] White discharge before period: Causes and other colors explained. Medical News Today.

[2] Kyal DA. Leukorrhea (leucorrhea) - causes: Symptoms: Types: Diagnosis: Treatment: Prevention.

[3] Colleen de Bellefonds CEW. Vaginal discharge during pregnancy (leukorrhea). What to Expect.

[4] Barad DH. Vaginal discharge - women's health issues. MSD Manual Consumer Version.

[5] Vaginal itching and discharge - adult and adolescent: Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. MedlinePlus.

[6] Vaginal discharge: Causes, types, diagnosis and treatment. WebMD.

[7] Sharkey L. Vaginal discharge: Causes, treatments, and colors. Healthline.

[8] Chaudhary N, Kalyan R, Singh M, Agarwal J, Qureshi S. Prevalence of reproductive tract infections in women attending a tertiary care center in Northern India with special focus on associated risk factors. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2019;40(2):113-119. doi:10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_17_16.